Synthetic Evaluation And Differential Analysis Of Urbanization Quality In Liaoning Province

Urbanization refers to a historical process in which the number and the scale of the towns is growing. It is caused by the populations transferring from the rural to the town. The urbanization of China has been growing quickly since the reform and opening up. The ratio of Urbanization has improved from 17.92% in 1978 to 47.5% in 2010 which improves 29.58 percentage points. It increases 0.92 percentage points on average. This means that there is about three hundred million persons transferring from the rural to the city. Recently, China has announced the twelfth five-year plan in which one of the major goals is that the ratio of urbanization will improve by 4 percentage points to enhance the harmonization of the development of urban and rural areas. This means that the ratio of urbanization in China will improve from 47.5% now to 51.5% in the future. The population of town will surpass the population of rural for the first time, and the discussion of the area will be fierce.Liaoning Province, as the important industry base in China, developed the urbanization earlier and owned a better starting. It's urbanization development has always in the front row in China. Because of the impacts of some special factors such as geographic location, economic base and the Human Environment, there are significant differences between regions. This research synthetically examines the level of urbanization by using a sample of 14 cities in Liaoning Province. This paper also analyzes the causes of differences between regions which have important realistic meaning.At the first, according to the definition and the content of urbanization, we determine research purposes, and then, set the rate of industrialization as adjustment factor to calculate the rate of urbanization to reflect the level of 14 cities' urbanization. After building the evaluation indicator system of urbanization quality, we use principal component analysis to measure the level of urbanization from 2000 to 2009.The result shows that there are five principal components affect the regional development of urbanization——factor of economic development and infrastructure, factor of life quality, factor of urban-rural integration, factor of life security, factor of industrial structure. Then use factor analysis to calculate principal component factor score and urbanization development quality score of 14 cities. Finally, set urbanization development quality score as variables, the cities as samples, we use cluster analysis to classify 14 cities. At the end of the paper, we summarize the results of the analysis and give reasonable policy and recommendations.It can be seen from the results, the overall level of urbanization is relatively low, so behind the high rate of urbanization of Liaoning Province there exists low-quality problem; the cities economic development level is at a high level; the development of Liaoning Province's urbanization is volatile, and slightly increased in the volatility。The most important factor that causes difference of urbanization is the level of economic development, but it's not the only factor. Infrastructure, social security, urban-rural integration and industrial structure also affect the quality of Liaoning Province's urbanization.Urban-rural gap is the "bottleneck" that hinders the quality of urbanization to enhance. Liaoning Province's urbanization trend has obvious dual structure: excessive accumulation in large cities but the slow development of urbanization in rural areas, there is a big gap between urban and rural areas.In recent years, the main reason for slowing down the process of Liaoning Province's urbanization is Structural imbalance, adjustment of economic structure and changing the mode of economic development will be the main direction.This paper has two innovations:Previous research on urbanization focused on measurement and analysis of the level of urbanization, the study about quality of urbanization is missing. This paper clarified the meaning of quality urban development on the basis of extensive literature; in order to make up the bias caused by population urbanization, we set the rate of industrialization as adjustment factor to calculate the rate of urbanization to reflect the level of 14 cities'urbanization.Inadequacies exist in the article:(1) Urbanization quality evaluation index system is still not comprehensive enough. Affected by the limited data source, some indicators that can reflect the level of urban development can't be included in the index system.(2) In this paper, when I sort out and conclude the concept and research status of urbanization, I Sought to cover the main points and the classical theory, but inevitably there are some omissions.