The Countries' Construction Movement Under The Regional Self-rule

From the later period of the Qing Dynasty, we were finding a way of self-government. We have tried many methods of self-rule, such as constitutionalism in the Qing Dynasty, autonomy in Northern Government, province and constitution movement, and self-governing among several provinces, but none of the succeed. Except for the efforts from the government, civil people also searched for the ways of self-government, in which the most influential one was the countries' construction movement in 1920's between 1930's. In 1928, the nation became united, ending the condition ruled by army, so the methods of self-rule in countries became flourished. The National Government drew up concrete plans in order to promote the movement, at the same time, countries' construction movements also got the agreement from the authorities and became a kind of experiment as self-rule. Countries' construction movement in Shandong was led by Liang Shuming, supported by Han Fuju. Since 1931, the movement in Shandong expanded gradually, from one county to the most part of the province, which also having great influnces on the country, becoming the centre of national construction movement and the experimental self-governed place controlled by the National Government. The article was divided into six parts to introduce and evaluate the countries' construction movement in Shandong.The first chapter is the introduction, which firstly defining the regional self-rule, then accounting the conditions of self-rule before government controlling, after that, introducing the current conditions of countries' construction movement and the angles of research, lastly indicating the methods of research.The second chapter is the analyses of the background and the causes of countries' construction movement in Shandong. First, through designing introduced the background of movement to carry out the autonomous system, and the final results of it. Then, analyses the causes of countries' construction movement in Shandong, which including why Liang Shuming led the movement and Han Fuju supported the construction. The third chapter is the introduces of the countries'construction movement in Shandong. First, introduced the research institute which was considered as the headquarters of the construction movements,and then describes the form of institute, the major institutions composed by researching part, training part and experimental part Then, choosed Zou Ping County as a typical case, introducing the political, economical defending and educating forms connected with law in order to improve the society.The forth chapter told the results of the construction movement and estimate it, firstly introducing the results of movement in Shandong, then summarizing the characteristics and short comings of the construction movement, connected with the regional autonomy under the National Government, thirdly searching the causes of the movement's failure and lastly finding out the lessons of the movements.