Historical Features Of Karl Marx On Freedom

Facing Marx's works, different scholars come up with different concpets of freedom, the major schools of which are positive freedom, inevitable freedom, and leisure freedom, while this research paper tries to interpret Marx's philosophy of freedom from a different perspective. To understand one philosopher's ideas, none of his works can be ignored. Is there any correlation concerning philosophy of freedom in Marx's dotoral dissertation as well as Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. In his doctoral dissertation, by comparing the differences of natural philosophy between Epicurus and Democritus, he reached the conclusion that self-determination is foundation of freedom, which was an abstact philosophy. The philosophy of freedom in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 was conntected to conscious perceptual objects dynamic activities, which was specific and realistic. However, each of those two has its own pros and cons. The doctoral dissertation emphasized forms, inner causes, and gerneral cases, while understated contents, external causes, and exceptions. The manuscript focused more on exterior conditions for subjecst to obtain freedom, but didn't include enough analysis on interior causes. Therefore, the possibility to combime the two, i.e., abstract and specific philosophys, is the key that this research paper dwells on. And it is a new interpretation of Marx's philosophy of freedom from a historic perspective, so as to obtain a complete understanding on Marx's philosophy of freedom as a whole.The three parts of this paper are the three development stages of freedom philosophy. The first is abstract philosophy of freedom, i.e., doctoral dissertation stage. And in this period, reflective way of thinking is employed to trace the origins. A couple of different atomic movements are first introduced, followed by analyzing causes for atomic motion for the deflection. By comparing two causes, i.e., repulsion and self-determination, the conclusion that self-determination was the reason for atoms to obtain freedom has been obtained. Second stage is specific philosophy of freedom. During this stage, methodology from the general to specific was utilized. Marx's views on the nature of man and freedom are briefly introduced in the first place. Naturally the philosophy of freedom which combines conscious freedom and objective activities has been achieved. The standard derived from that is used to examine relavant theories on national economy and crude communism, so as to find theories on fulfillment of freedom and practice path. The last part is combination of abstract freedom and specific freedom, i.e., birth and development of freedom philosophy. Starting from theoratical pratice, it explains the three inseparable chains to realize the possilbity to connect the three, suspicion plus criticism, hypothesis plus argumentation, and moral self-discipline, so as to eventually actualize the philosophy of freedom.