| Permanent leasehold system is a tenancy system which appeared in middle and later periods of Chinese feudal society that peasants have the permanent rights to rent landlord's farmland. In Jehol and North Hebei region, Permanent leasehold system is different from that in interior which has its particularity and complexity. Farmland in this region is owned by government. In a long time slice,the quantity of the arable land is step-up, moreover,two kinds of farmland exist simultaneously which belong to Mongolia's kings and the court of Qing dynasty.From Qing dynasty to Republic of China,the land of Jehol is divided into two types.One type is occupied by Mongolia's kings which is located in the middle and north of Jehol.The other is occupied by NaWuFu of Qing dynasty which is located in north Jehol.In north Hebei region, banner land is the main form which is plundered by Qing dynasty at the beginning of its domination. NaWuFu also manage the banner land.The governors of Mongolia land and banner land are different. The emergence and development of the Permanent leasehold system are different. The rent and the burden of the farmers are also different.This article elaborates the rent and farmers' burden of the Mongolia land and banner land in addition, draw a comparison.Then we can know the feature of the land in this area.The first chapter discusses the emergence and development of the Permanent leasehold system, Mongolia land and banner land both have a quarter.The second chapter discusses the rent and the burden of the farmers.The third chapter draw a comparison about the process of formation,development,the rent and the burden of farmers in order to find their common points ang different points.The problem about "Agriculture,village,peasant" is becoming more and more significant in china in the 21 century. Researching the permanent leasehold system in the history of china, we can make a enlightening significance for the reformation of the land system in the Chinese village. |
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