| Objective:Using Juvenile victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) and other psychological instruments to explore emotional, behavioral characteristics and executive function in poly-victimized juvenile.Methods:(1) Stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate 3200 juvenile from 6 middle schools and 6 senior high schools in two places of Shandong province. Psychological questionnaires were employed to study their experience of poly-victimization and emotional and behavioral characteristics. The investigation was given out by the researchers with unified guidance, and 3155 valid anonymous questionnaires were collected. (2) Using stratified cluster sampling, students from 4th to 8th grade of 4 schools (2 classes each grade) in a county of Liaocheng city Shandong province were screened by JVQ, and 64 students were diagnosed as poly-victimized group(JVQ score≥5). Non-victimized group (JVQ score=0) and victimized group (5>JVQ score> 0) were also screened with matched class, age and sex. All the 192 juvenile took neuropsychological tests and executive function behavior rating scale.Results:1.16.9% of the juvenile were poly-victimized, each participant had experienced 2.21 kinds of victimization averagely. The poly-victimization incidence of boys was 1.87 times against girls. The poly-victimization incidence of middle school students was 1.66 times against senior high school students, and the incidence of the only child was 1.74 times against other juvenile.2. Among the 3155 juvenile, incidence of smoking, drinking, internet addiction, watching pornographic products, anxiety, and depression were 1.8%,3.4%,2.9%,6.2%,30.7%, 10.9%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates on behavioral problems than girls, while their incidence of anxiety and depression and scores on scales reflecting behavioral problems were significantly lower. The incidence of internet addiction, watching pornographic products, anxiety, depression, scores on emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention and total difficulties of SDQ, total score of BIS-11, scores on motor and attentional impulsiveness in senior high school students were significantly higher than in middle school students, but their scores on peer relationship problems and non-planning impulsiveness were lower than middle school students. The incidence of behavioral problems and scores on conduct problems, motor and attentional impulsiveness of only child were significantly higher, but their incidence of anxiety, score on SCARED, DSRSC and emotional symptoms of SDQ were significantly lower.3. The incidence of smoking, drinking, internet addiction, watching pornographic products, anxiety, depression and scores on SCARED, DSRSC, SDQ, and BIS-11 in poly-victimized group were significantly higher than that in non-poly-victimized group. Prevalence of smoking, watching pornographic products and anxiety in high poly-victimized group were 5.0,1.7, and 2.0 times against that in low poly-victimized group respectively. Total and separate factor scores on SCARED, DSRSC, SDQ, and BIS-11 in high poly-victimized group were significantly higher than in low poly-victimized group, except for scores on emotional and peer relationship problems of SDQ, and attentional and nonplanning impulsiveness of BIS-11. Total score on JVQ was positively associated with total and separate factor scores on SCARED, DSRSC, SDQ and BIS-11 significantly (r=0.06-0.31, P<0.01).4. Scores on logical memory in poly-victimized group were significantly lower than in victimized group (P<0.01), and scores of logical memory, backward order on the digit span, standardized digit span and accumulation were significantly lower than in non-poly-victimized group (.P<0.01or P<0.05). Participants'total score of BRIEF and separate factor scores of meta-cognition, inhibit, shift, behavioral shift, emotional control, monitor, plan, organization, and task completion increased among non-victimized group, victimized group and poly-victimized group(P<0.01). Abnormal rates of separate components of executive function were lowest in non-victimized group (0.0%-3.1%). Abnormal rates in victimized group were 1.6%-9.4% except for inhibit and emotional control (0.0%). Abnormal rates in poly-victimized group were 4.7%～14.1% except for ability of materials organization(0.0%). Abnormal rates of inhibit, shift and emotional control were statistically different among three groups, which were higher in poly-victimized group than in other two groups (P<0.05).5. Partial correlation indicated that total score on JVQ was positively correlated with total and separate factor scores on BRIEF significantly (r=0.22～0.43, P<0.01) after controlling intelligence quotient, but not correlated with scores on logical memory.Conclusions:1. Poly-victimization was common in juvenile. The incidence, types and severity were significantly different between participants with different gender, educational phase, and between only or non-only child.2. The emotional and behavioral problems of juvenile can't be ignored, educators need to pay more attention to psychological health of juvenile in school.3. Poly-victimization and emotional, behavioral problems of juvenile were statistically correlated, but the causality needs to be proved by further longitudinal study.4. Poly-victimized juvenile made worse performance on working memory tasks compared to non-victimized and victimized juvenile. Poly-victimized juvenile has a higher score on ecological executive function scale, and the ones who were more severely victimized had poorer executive function. The causality needs to be proved by further longitudinal study. |
