The Study Of Nanman Xiaowei In The Western And Eastern Jin And Southern Dynasties

Since the Western Han Dynasty, the central regime had established a new military position, Linghu Xiaowei to deal with the affairs about the northern ethnic groups. The system of Linghu Xiaowei extended to the area of the southern ethnic groups, and Nanman Xiaowei was first established in Jingzhou to handle the ethnic groups affairs in Jingchu area in the Western Jin Dynasty. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jingzhou had become an important upstream military town, which could rival the central regime in military strength. According to the routine, Nanman Xiaowei and Jingzhou Cishi were hold in one post, which made it the vital military strength subjected to Jingzhou, and endowed with other new functions besides suppressing and governing the ethnics. Participating in the combat between Jingzhou and Yangzhou in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties also became the prior activity of Nanman Xiaowei in this period, which exerted certain influence on the political situation. Based on the historical documents, and with the methods of history, statistics and so on, this dissertation analyzed systematically Nanman Xiaowei from the perspectives of system origin, organizational structure, functions and personnel system.The chapter one is to review the origin of Linghu Xiaowei in the Han Dynasty and its transformation from the central official to the regional official during the Dynasties of Wei and Jin.The second chapter is to analyze the establishment and abolition of Nanman Xiaowei. Emperor Wu of Jin established this post for the first time in the ninth year of Taishi (273). The Liusong Dynasty abolished it in the first year of Xiaojian(454). After several turns of establishment and abolition in the Southern Qi and Liang Dynasties, Nanman Xiaowei had been abolished ultimately. According to the analysis of the reasons, it became clear that, instead of being influenced by the ethnics, the regional political situation and the central policy had a more important impact on its establishment and abolition.The functions and the organizational structure of Nanman Xiaowei has been discussed in the third chapter. Sending punitive expedition against the ethnic groups and administrating them were the prime functions of Nanman Xiaowei. Moreover, as a vital military strength subjected to Jingzhou, Nanman Xiaowei had also been charge with crashing the rebellion in Jingzhou, defensing the north and launching the expedition against the north. In the Liusong Dynasty, Nanman Xiaowei was endued with a new function:taking the position of Zhangshi in Jinzhou Junfu to assist Princes to administrate Jingzhou. Nanman Xiaowei established Junfu and had assembled his own staffs, such as Zhangshi, Sima, Canjun, Gongcao, Zhubu and so on. This chapter will also elaborate on his staffs'family background and official experiences.The chapter four is to review Nanman Xiaowei's birthplace, family background and the shift of the occupation. Most of Nanman Xiaowei came from Scholar-aristocracy class and the number of it decreased constantly in the Western and Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, which reflected the evolution of aristocratic politics. Qianruguan and Qianchuguan were Cishi and Taishou mostly. According to the routine, the power of Nanman Xiaowei was hold in the hand of Jingzhou Cishi in the Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties. However, there were also exceptions. The post could mainly taken by Nanjun Taishou, and in the Liusong Dynasty by Zhangshi in Jingzhou Junfu.The chapter five is to discuss the relationship between Nanman Xiaowei and the politics in the Western and Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. Nanman Xiaowei brought to essential effects on the confrontations between Western Jin and Eastern Wu, launching an expedition against Eastern Wu and administrating the southern ethnic groups in the Western Jin Dynasty. Between the Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties, under the command of Jingzhou Cishi, Nanman Xiaowei participated in the battle of crashing the rebellion in Jingzhou, which helped to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In Eastern Jin Dynasty, as an important assistant of Jingzhou Cishi, Nanman Xiaowei took part in the combat between Jingzhou and Yangzhou and the expedition against the north, which influenced the political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the Liusong Dynasty, Nanman Xiaowei helped Princes to administrate Jingzhou, which made him wield the power of Jingzhou Junfu as a "Xingshi" and control the regional politics of Jingzhou.