Using Monte-Carlo Simulation To Study The Evolutionary History Of Hainan-Li And Guangxi-Zhuang Populations

Thalassemia is one type of common disease in human being. It caused by single gene mutation on the human autosome. In southern of China,(3-thalassemia is very prevalent. In Li nationality who are mainly in Hainan province, the mutations of (3-globin gene is almost the CD42/42(-CTTT) deletion. And the mutation frequency of it is up to8.16%, while in Guangxi Zhuang nationality the mutation frequency is only2.53%. By studying Li and Zhuang nationality the mutation frequency's change derive the history of the evolution of these two population groups.In this research, we found that β-globin gene mutation is balance selection. When the selection coefficient is about0.0132the average of likelihood is the maximum likelihood. Comparison the mitochondrial sequences of Li nationality in Hainan province and Zhuang nationality in Guangxi province which are sequenced by new sequencing technology, we use our Java program, shell program and R program to calculate the five important statistics values of population genetics. Using the MS program which can simulation the samples of Zhuang nationality and Li nationality, we calculated the five important statistics values of the samples. By using the maximum likelihood method and if we do not consider the factor of demographic, the result suggested that Li nationality in Hainan is migration from Zhuang nationality in Guangxi and the split time is about4200years ago. Joint mutation frequency spectrum method helps us to find out the demographic factor act an important role on this two nationality's evolution. Considering the bottleneck acts the Li nationality, we build new model to simulation the samples of two nationalities, and the result suggests that the split time which is means Li nationality in Hainan province migration from Zhuang nationality in Guangxi province is about2300years ago. When the bottleneck happened, the effective population size is about1000and during time of the bottleneck is about200years.This is the first time we use the true sequences data which has DNA sequences and mitochondrial sequences of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi and Li nationality in Hainan. And we also used the census of two nationality in the history to simulation the samples of them. In our research we use Joint mutation frequency spectrum analyze demographic.