| 【objective】Arsenic-induced cardiovascular diseases in human population may result from the interaction among genetic, environment and nutritional factors. The major adverse cardiovascular effect of chronic arsenic poisoning has been established qualitatively and quantitatively in the high arsenic exposure areas, but the low-dose effect of arsenic on cardiovascular diseases remains to be explored further. In the present study, we explored the biomarkers of effect for cardiovascular damaging, and its relationship with the nutritional factors in the area with the low-arsenic exposure in drinking water.【Methods】The rural residents, who had lived in Yanhe village, Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province at least for 10 years, were recruited by simple random sampling in this study. Ninety cases underwent questionnaires and dietary survey. Water Samples were collected,Organize investigation object check-up and collecting blood, urine samples. Blood samples from individuals were collected. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in human plasma, which is considered as the most important marker for monitoring lipid peroxidation, determined as conjugate with tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (TBAS). The level of anti-superoxide anion radical (O2?-), C-reactive protein (CRP) and NO in human plasma was measured. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) in peripheral blood was analyzed by CD133+/KDR+ antibodies and flow cytometry.and the level of Folic acid and Vitamin B12 was measured. The levels of arsenic in water and urinary was detected with Atomic fluorescence spectrometry .iron and manganese content in water was detected with atomic absorption spectrometry.Dietary questionnaires and survey results, Use the Epidata to establish database. The data were analyzed with SAS9.1 statistical software.【Results】1.Arsenic level in drinking water in the household shallow well of subjects in this survey , 59 of wells were collected, testing results: The range of arenic level was from 0 ug/L to 206.08 ug/L, with a median of 30.29 ug/L,So we called the area in this study was the relatively low level arsenic exposure.Test results of internal exposure biomarkers of arsenic(the arsenic in urine):the correlation analysis indicated that the arsenic in the water had a positive correlation with the arsenic in urine.2.Demographic characteristics of subjects:There are ninety subjects in the study ,The level of arsenic in their household shallow well were divided into three groups<10ug/L ( 32subjects ),10~50ug/L ( 28subjects ) and > 50ug/L ( 30 subjects).Compared the demographic characteristics between the groups:there was no difference with each group in gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption ,body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. there was difference with each group in age.So the data analyzed after adjustment for age.3.The levels of MDA,anti-superoxide anion,CRP was no significant difference with each group.and the level of MDA was increased with the increasing of arsenic in the water.4.The number of CEPCs in different groups of arsenic in drinking water was significantly difference, which in the group of <10ug/L and 10~50ug/L arsenic in drinking water was significantly lower than the group who exposured to>50ug/L arsenic in drinking water. Otherwise, the number of CEPCs in group of <10ug/L arsenic in drinking water was increased trend with the group of 10~50ug/L arsenic in drinking water. The levels of NO and blood pressure was no significant difference with each group.5.Investigation results of the intake of dietary and nutrients: Food species of this area is diversity. The average intake of grain, vegetables, livestock, fish and shrimp kind and eggs reached or exceed the recommended amount. Intake of livestock was high over.Intake of dairy and its products was seriously insufficient. Average intake of energy nearly the recommended value. The intake of protein and fat were higher than the national average intake level of the rural, especially the fat .Comparied with the 2002 national rural census,the intake of nutrients status of the region had the same problem:Part of the trace element deficiency, the intake of vitamin A is very low. Calcium intake is seriously insufficient.The intake levels of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, ascorbic acid are higher than the national average intake level of rural. The overall situation is well than the national average level of the rural.The levels of Vitamin B12 was significantly associated with the reduction of MDA,There was no obvious correlation between Folic acid,vitamin B12 levels with others. The results found that there are linear regression relation between folic acid with O2?-and vitamin B12 with MDA, and with a statistical significance.【Conclusion】1.Though there was no obvious relationship between oxidatie stress and inflammatory lesions,CEPCs, a precursor cell of endothelial cells, is very sensitive to arsenic exposure. The number of CEPCs in peripheral blood changed significantly with lower-arsenic exposure,whereas there are no obvious changes with the markers of oxidized damage and inflammation. This is the first human demonstration showing that lower-arsenic exposure maybe causes the endothelial injury and mobilize the CEPCs in peripheral blood. It suggested that the levels of CEPCs may be an effective biomarkers of early endothelial injury with low-arsenic exposure in drinking water.2. Dietary factors may play an important role to prevent the cardiovascular disease in the crowd of exposure to low-arsenic in drinking water. Vitamin B12 and folic acid can control the level of the lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. It is the important non-genetic factors that can impact on cardiovascular-related biomarkers. In the region of arsenic exposure can also consider improving the nutritional status of residents, including micronutrient supplement, increasing food categories, to prevention and control the risk of cardiovascular disease . |
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