| With the popularity of the use of echocardiography, pericardial effusion usually is found incidentally in the physical examination. However, pericardial effusion could be caused by many causes, as soon as possible to clarify its etiology and treat it for the cause will undoubtedly play a decisive role in the elimination of pericardial effusion. Moderate to large amount of pericardial effusion always leads to cardiac tamponade, timely diagnosis and treatment of cardiac tamponade will save the lives of patients as possible as we can. This article is a case report of malignant schwannoma with pericardial effusion, which is more than 1 year, and misdiagnosed as tuberculous pericardial effusion, introduces the processure of diagnosis and treatment briefly, to draw more attention to the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion. |