| Soil and water conservation policies and measures in loess hilly area improved theecological environment through optimizing the allocation of resources; at the same time, itacted on economic development through the adjustment of industrial structure and layout.What's more, soil and water conservation gradually integrated into the industry-resourcescoupling system and formed a new coupling body in the process of its influence on the systemcoupling.Soil and water conservation was a long-term systematic project. During its practicecourse, the project of comprehensive control in small watershed carried out in the early1980sand the conversion of cropland to forestland program implemented in nearly ten years weretwo cases which had relatively great influences. Zhifanggou watershed and WuQi County hadtypical representativeness. Based on the two areas as the object, evolutionary process ofcoupling characteristics and present situation coupling relationship of regional agriculturalindustry and resources system under the water and soil conservation were mainly researched.The results were expected to provide reference for further implementation of soil and waterconservation measures and establishing optimization coupling model of the system forrealizing sustainable development of the regional agricultural ecological economic system.(1)Based on data collection of the comprehensive controlling of soil and waterconservation and the implementation of the conversion of cropland to forestland program inZhifanggou watershed, coupling degree model with data envelopment analysis (DEA) wereapplied and the coupling effect of agricultural industry and resource system under soil andwater conservation was analysed, the results showed that: Soil and water conservation in loesshilly region generally promote the increase of comprehensive indexes of agricultural industry,resources and their coupling degree (they respectively increased by0.427,0.764and0.672);But the action process and strength of the program to the agricultural industry system andresources system were not accordant, especially since the implementation of the conversion ofcropland to forestland program, agricultural industry development significantly lagged behindagricultural resources, the water and soil conservation policy played little promoting role inthe coupling efficiency of the transformation from agricultural resources to industry benefit,and crisis lurked in system coupling coordination; The main reason led to this situation was the deviation existed in the industrial structure and resource structure, and the appearance ofstructural surplus of agricultural resources.(2)Based on choosing WuQi County as study subjects, the structural equation model ofagricultural industry-resource system coupling relationship under soil and water conservationwas constructed by using247households' sample survey data, the results showed that: Soiland water conservation policies improved regional agricultural resources environmentconditions (the path coefficient was0.62), suggesting that the policies was coincided with itsecological target. But the policies inhibited farmers' positive behavior of resource utilizationand industry management (the path coefficient was-0.22), which meant that it existedincentive incompatibilities between the policies and farmers' activities. Farmer behavior notonly directly affected system coupling state (the path coefficient was0.42), but also indirectlyaffected it by promoting the agricultural industry development (the indirect path coefficientwas0.61×0.35=0.21), suggesting that the famers' production decision-making behavior wasan important intermediary in the coupling relationship of the system and was the key of thesystem coupling. Because of the policies' mandatory provisions on resources utilization andits inhabitation on famers' behavior, the regional agricultural resources environmentconditions did not play a support role in agricultural industry development (the pathcoefficient was-0.24), that is to say, it existed local abhorrent situation between theagricultural industry development and agricultural resources environment.(3) The operation situation and analysis results of the two typical cases showed that: thesoil and water conservation policy (measures) overall guided while local restricted thecoupling direction and process of the agricultural industry-resources system, and the coremanifestation was that: although the agricultural industry system and agricultural resourcessystem both had large development, the agricultural industry-resources chain had localshortage. Therefore following suggestions were given: On the basis of the chain and netstructure of commercial ecological agriculture optimized, institutional innovation withcontents of confirming property rights of forestry and grass land, regional ecologicalcompensation mechanism and organizational innovation for industrialized operation ofagriculture with the core carrier of professional economic cooperation organization wereneeded to improve the coupling effect of agricultural industry and resources under thebackground of soil and water conservation. |
