The Effect Of Mulching And Water-saving On Soil Water Content,Terrs Growwing And Fruiting In Weibei Loess

Water saving model and no-irrigation model in Weibei loess plateau apple orchard were studied with5year old Fuji apple trees from2009to2011in the northwest A&F university apple station orchard whichlocated in Shaanxi province BaiShui City. There were four different mulching treatments were designedin this paper, including①CK (no-mulching)②Plastic mulching in Spring③Plastic mulching in Autumn④Grasses mulching, there are five irrigation model were designed, including①CK(no irrigation)②Furrow irrigation③Furrow irrigation under mulch④Drip irrigation④Drip irrigation undermulch.Main research results are as follows:1. Plastic mulching and grasses mulching can improving soil water content, waterholding effects of plastic mulching in Autumn is better than plastic mulching in Spring in inWeibei loess plateau apple orchard.The soil water content in0-1m were measured after irrigation on June15th,the soil watercontent in all layers were decreased with increased after days of irrigation, the fluctuation gotsmaller with soil deeper; the fluctuation of drip irrigation under mulch and furrow irrigationunder mulch were smaller then drip irrigation and furrow irrigation. The water content oftreatments within1m soil layer in May and August were calculated, the drip irrigation undermulch higher other treatments.2. Plastic mulching can improved the breakdown rate of organic matter in soil. Soilorganic matter content of plastic mulching is lower than no-mulching, so plastic mulchingmaybe made soil nutrition barren during the later days of apple trees growing. So plasticmulching must combine with additions of organic matter. However, soil organic mattercontent of grasses mulching treatment was13.55%higher than CK. There are no significantdifferent of plastic mulching and grasses mulching with CK, while the content of NO3-1-N inplastic mulching and grasses mulching were higher than CK, the content of NH4+1-N is nosignificant different between them, the content of minimized N in grasses mulching is thehighest. The content of total P were no significant different between four treatments, while thecontent of available K and P in plastic mulching and grasses mulching was improved significant than CK.3. The length of shoot, the area of leaf, and Content of chlorophyll were improvedsignificantly after plastic mulching and grasses mulching. There was no significantly differentof the length of shoot and the area of leaf between plastic mulching and grasses mulching,while the Content of chlorophyll after grasses mulching was significantly higher than plasticmulching. the area of leaf, and Content of chlorophyll were no significantly different betweenplastic mulching in Spring and in Autumn.In the results of water-saving irrigation, the length of shoot and the quality of leaf wereimproved significantly after plastic mulching, the length of shoot, the area of leaf, the contentof chlorophyll, and the content of NPK in leaf in drip irrigation after plastic mulching werethe highest.4. The SSC and titrable acids content of plastic mulching and grasses mulching werehigher than CK, plastic mulching and grasses mulching significantly improved the fruitfirmness. Plastic mulching and grasses mulching significantly improved the fruit yield.Theyield of drip irrigation under mulch treatment amounted to22828.51kg/hm2was higher thanthe other methods of irrigation.