The Effect Of Acetic Acid And BHBA On The Function Of Rat Hypothalamic Neurons

Cows are the most important in animal husbandry. The yield and quality of cowmilk are important index to measure the quality of aquaculture level and economicbenefits. At present, the population of cow in our country is in the forefront of theworld, but the milk yield of each cow is low and the quality of milk is poor. Theprecursor of milk is the material foundation of dietary nutrients which can beconverted into butterfat and lactoprotein through the body of cow. The formation andutilization of milk composition precursor is the key factor of milk nutrition quality.The synthesis of butterfat and lactoprotein can affected by many factors, such aseffects of dietary nutrients, dairy cattle health status, hormone levels and breastfunction state, and so on. The synergistic action of nervous control and endocrineregulation plays an important role in maintaining the internal environmenthomeostasis. The researches have suggested the neuroendocrine network plays animportant regulatory role in the metabolism of key substance of the synthesis ofbutterfat and lactoprotein. Neuroendocrine network is composed by growth axis,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and prolactin system, it can regulate thesynthesis and secretion of milk through these three parts. The hypothalamus plays aleading role in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of milk.Butterfat is the main nutrient in milk, its precursors are mainly contain aceticacid, BHBA, free fatty acid, triglyceride. The synthesis of Butterfat is in breastepithelial cells. Neuroendocrine network can regulate lipid metabolism in the liverand adipose tissue to accomplish the synthesis of butterfat. However, there are norelevant reports about the feedback regulation of the precursors of butterfat onneuroendocrine network.The studies indicate that acetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid can alsoactivate short chain fatty acid receptors and act as signaling molecules to exert some physiological function. The hypothalamus plays a leading role in the regulation ofneuroendocrine network. Our laboratory preliminary test shows there are short chainfatty acid receptors such as GPR41GPR43and GPR109A expression in cow and rathypothalamus, so we utilize neuron cell of rats hypothalamus as model cell in theexperiment. In order to determine whether ethanoic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acidcan act as signaling molecules to regulate the secretion function of hypothalamus, wedesigned experiments below. Isolate and culture of newborn Wistar rat hypothalamusneurons, coculture with different concentrations of BHBA (0,0.05,0.5,1,2mM) oracetic acid (0,0.01,0.1,0.5,1,2mM) for24hours. Collecting cell supernatants andcells, extract of total cellular RNA. The expression of GHRH, CRH, SST, PIF geneand the protein secretion changes was detected separately by fluorescent quantitationRT-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Result shows acetic acidpromotes the gene expression of GHRH, CRH, SST and PIF at low concentrations,while can't affect them in high concentrations. With the increase of the concentrationof BHBA, strengthen the inhibition to GHRH, CRH, PIF gene expression andprotein secretion, but to SST initially increased then decrease gene expression andprotein secretion. Our study indicate that acetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid canact as signaling molecules to regulate the secretion function of hypothalamus.