Research Of Reasonable Fertilizer Application Technology Of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System In Guanzhong Area Of Shaanxi

The reasonable fertilizer application technology of winter wheat/summer maize rotation system was researched in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province in 2008 2010 by decorating field experiment and peasant household survey. And it was discussed and researched from the aspects of nitrogen determination of reasonable nitrogen use, evaluation of farmers'application status, application of farmland nitrogen balance fertilizer, formula and high yield & high efficiency. The main results are listed below:1. Determination of reasonable nitrogen use and evaluation of farmers'application statusReasonable nitrogen use amount in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province was researched, and it was used as criteria for evaluating the status of farmers′N fertilization practices. Suggested amount of nitrogen use was calculated from field nitrogen effect experiment in Yangling belong to Guanzhong area. It was compared with farmers'actual N application rates to analyze the differences from both the amount of soil nitrate nitrogen residue and economic benefit between them. Recommended amounts of nitrogen use on winter wheat and summer maize were 140 and 145 kg/hm², respectively. The current farmers′nitrogen use amounts were correspondingly (211±139) and (310±131) kg/hm², which were significantly higher than recommendation, but there was no obviously difference in yield. Excessive amounts of nitrogen led to higher soil nitrogen accumulation in 0–100 cm soil layer, 117.4 and 125.3 kg/hm² for winter wheat and summer maize, respectively, and meanwhile, the economic benefit was wasted 3014 yuan/hm². Reducing farmers′nitrogen use amounts, lowering the farmers′input in agricultural, increasing nutrient efficiency and decreasing pollution of fertilizers should be done in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.2. Research and demonstration of reasonable fertilizer application technology of winter wheat and summer maize under nitrogen balance modeNitrogen balance fertilizer technology of 2 kinds of crop yield and benefit analysis, and demonstrate promotion in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province was researched. Field tests 30 totally were set in farmers' location of 3 villages, and 2 kinds of treatment of "peasant households'habit" and "demonstration" were set in the same field at the same time. The advantages and feasibility of nitrogen balance fertilizer technology were compared by the yield, amount of soil nitrate nitrogen residue (0¹00 cm) and economic benefit between farmers habit and demonstration. The results show that, in the winter wheat of 30 locations, the average nitrogen of demonstration was 153 kg/hm², compared with 177 kg/hm² of the habit, which reduced 24 kg/hm²; The yield of demonstration was 6625 kg/hm², compared with 6538 kg/hm² of the habit, which increased 88 kg/hm²; The amount of soil nitrate nitrogen residue of demonstration was 144 kg/hm², compared with 118 kg/hm² of the habit, which increased 26 kg/hm²; And the economic income increased 260 yuan/hm². In the summer maize of 30 locations, the average nitrogen of demonstration was 64 kg/hm², compared with 225 kg/hm² of the habit, which reduced 161 kg/hm²; The yield of demonstration was 5230 kg/hm², compared with 4974 kg/hm² of the habit, which increased 256 kg/hm²; The amount of soil nitrate nitrogen residue of demonstration was 96 kg/hm², compared with 124 kg/hm² of the habit, which reduced 28 kg/hm²; And the economic income increased 1082 yuan/hm². In the winter wheat / summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, obvious breakthrough was got using the nitrogen balance fertilizer technology, no matter in the right amount of fertilizer application, reducing the non-point pollution, or reducing expenses and increase the yield, eventually increasing farmers' income, improving farmers living. It can be used for wide application.3. Research of reasonable fertilizer application technology of winter wheat under fertilizer formula modeThe reasonable fertilization formula was made in order to find out the best fertilization scheme of winter wheat in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. Field tests were set in 2009, and the different fertilizer formulas and fertilizer application methods was drew up. The relationship between fertilizer methods was researched and suitable then fertilizer formula was drawn up through anglicizing its yield, fertilizer utilization. Finally, the theoretic basis and technology support were provided. Research shows that recommend fertilization method of winter wheat is: N150P50K50, using formula fertilizer, N-P-K=22-10-10, N 150 kg/hm², 110 kg/hm² basing, 40 kg/hm² topdressing, P₂O₅ 50 kg/hm², K₂O 50 kg/hm². In this way, the optimal income in yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer utilization can be obtained. There are several problems which the fertilizer is exorbitant and nutrient proportion is not appropriate in current farmers' crop planting. Which not only have no increase and high effect, but also cause yield reduction and fertilizer waste. So adjusting measures to local conditions and selecting the appropriate formula should be made to achieve the purpose of benefit maximization.4. Research of reasonable fertilizer application technology of summer maize under high yield & high efficiency modeThe field, benefit and quality under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer processing were researched in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. And then the fertilization scheme of high production and high efficiency in summer maize was drown up. The field test was set in Yangling in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. And the effect on field, benefit and quality under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer processing were analyzed using mathematical method. The results show that, in low-medium fertilizers (N (90-180) P₂O₅ 40 K₂O 50), increasing nitrogen application appropriately could achieve the effect of increase yield, however increase potassium caused yield cut. But in high fertilizers (N (180-270) P₂O₅ 80 K₂O (50-100)), underproduction trend was caused if N, P and K increased. When nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer separately for 180, 40, 50 kg/hm², the yield, nutrient uptake and fertilizers were performing optimal, fertilization relative best. In the winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization scheme should be chosen. The high yield and high efficiency purpose of summer maize could achieve by reducing nitrogen fertilizer, maintaining phosphate dosage, controlling potash (N180P2O540K2O50).