| The materials are roots stem and leaf of 5-year old ginseng from different origins and different years at different periods. Crude enzyme solution was extracted with neutral phosphate buffer solution. Bradford method is applied to determination of protein content. Activity of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD),α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD), nitrate reductase (NR) in samples were determined by UV spectrophotometry . In this paper, to research10 kinds of changes of oxidoreductase in the process of growth and development of ginseng, and to compare activities of 8 kinds of enzyme from different origins and different growth periods, in order to provide a theoretical basis to understand the growth physiology and germplasm identification of ginseng. The results are as follows:(1) The curves of CAT and APX are similar in the process of growth and development of ginseng root : Curves show the general upward trend in the period before the spreading stage, and peak activity appeared in the June 8, then appeared minimum value in the July 19, and have reached the activity peak in the August 9 and August 30. The curves of LDH and MDH are similar in the process of growth and development: Activity increased faster in the spreading stage.The level of activity is in the middle in the flowering stage. Activity is rising constantly in the root growing after fruit stage, and the average activity was high.Activity of POD and PPO was high in the root growing after fruit stage. Activity of G6PD was high after the start of the red fruit stage.Activity peak ofα-GPD appeared in the spreading stage and the root growing after fruit stage. Activity of NR in roots has been a short period of increased in the seedling stage and the flowering stage, but other times are at a very low level of activity.(2) Activity of POD, CAT, PPO, APX is similar to the activity dynamics of the stem in the ginseng. Four enzyme activity increased and then decreased in the spreading stage and the flowering stage.Activity is rising constantly in the red fruit stage, peaks neared or reached the maximum value of ginseng stem enzyme activity in the growing season.The enzyme activity is at a low level, the change is relatively flat after the red fruit stage. The curves of LDH and MDH are similar. Peaks of two enzyme activity appeared in the June 8, June 21, July 19 and August 2 in the red fruits and before period. Activity is relatively low and less volatile after the root growing after fruit stage.G6PD activity peaks appeared in the spreading stage, the flowering stage and the red fruit stage. Activity ofα-GPD was high in the spreading stage and the red fruit stage. Activity of NR in stem has a brief peak at June 8 and June 21, but other times are at a very low level.(3) The activity change of POD and CAT in leaves is similar. Activity is rising constantly in the spreading stage. Activity is in constantly decline in the flowering stage. Activity is increased at first, then decreased in the root growing after fruit stage. The curves of LDH and MDH are similar. Activity of PPO was high in the spreading stage and the flowering stage. Activity of ADH is relatively high in the spreading stage, the flowering stage, the green fruit stage and the root growing after fruit stage. Activity ofα-GPD peak appeared in the red fruit stage. The overall level of NR activity in leaves and stems above the root NR activity, in the process of growth and development of ginseng.(4) 8 kinds of enzyme activity were compared in ginseng from 15 different areas.Activity of PPO, CAT, MDH, LDH and G6PD is the highest in ginseng from Wanbao Town of Antu County. Activity of POD was the highest in ginseng from green hook Village of Dunhua City. Activity of APX was the highest in ginseng from Tonghua County of Tonghua City. Activity of ADH is the highest in ginseng from the Hunchun City. Ginseng from 15 different areas was clustered into 6 types.(5) The enzyme activity of 4 years old ginseng was lower than the 5, 6 and 7 years old ginseng. Comparison of 5,6 and 7 years old ginseng, activity of POD, APX decreased with growth period, activity of MDH and LDH increased with growth period. Activity of CAT and G6PD close to the 5, 6 and 7 years old ginseng. Activity of PPO in 7 years old ginseng was highest. Activity of ADH in 6 years old ginseng was highest. |
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