Cytological And ITS Sequences Studies On Paris (Melanthiaceae) From Sichuan Province, China

(Melanthiaceae:Parideae), as a temperate genus of perennial herbs comprised about 28 disjunct species from Europe to eastern and widely distributed in China. There were 22 species in China. The species had wide medicinal value, with detoxification, swelling and pain, bleeding and other effects. The latest study found that this genus also has anti-cancer effect, which was a kind of development value of medicinal plants extremely. P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. polyphylla var. chinensis as authentic in China Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition gathers.Sichuan was the centers of genus and diverse distribution. The study of the Paris evolutionary relationship was of far reaching significance, which was different from other provinces. However, in recent years, the Paris of market demand need more and more, lead to wild plant resources had be damaged. Some of the species of the Paris were extinction without study deficiency. Therefore, the identification of resources, good strains of seeds breeding, protection of wildlife resources was a matter of great urgency.In this paper we studied the relationship of genetic by cytological and the fraction of the ITS sequence cluster analysis to provided evidence for the relationships of genetic and evolution in Sichuan province preliminary. The researchs were mainly shown as follows:1,The karyotype analysis showed that the basic number of chromosome with all the species was 10. All the species was diploid. The conformation of metaphase chromosome were 2n=2x=3m+2t or 2n=2x=3m+2st. Chromosome polymorphism shown in twelve taxa of the Paris from Sichuan province, which was embodied in number of B chromosomes and satellites2,This paper described the Giemsa-C band of chromosomes of twelve taxa of the Paris from Sichuan province. The common features of Giemsa-C band shown on the larger t chromosome, which showed the genetic relationship. The diverse features of Giemsa-C band had shown the banding pattern on the other chromosomes. The features of Giemsa-C band significant polymorphism have apparent connection to geographical and climatic conditions. The C-banding pattern of P. undulatis,P. polyphylla var. chinensis,P. marmorata and P. polyphylla var. alba were reported for the first time.3,This paper reported a fraction of ITS sequences of twelve taxa of the Paris from Sichuan province. The 522bp sequence were divergence and to construct UPGMA phylogenetic trees, P. undulates and P. cronquistii,P. polyphylla var. chinensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis,P. polyphylla var. polyphylla and P. axialis,P. thibetica genetic relationship were closer than others. 4,Cytological and ITS sequence cluster analysis were shown that the evolutionary characteristics and genetic relationship. The ITS results was agreed with cytology analysis. Three methods can be used for the identification of the genus, relationships among Paris.