Identification Of The Gall Aphides From Zhangjiajie And The Study Of Gall Aphides' Overwintering

Chinese gallnuts is a unique forest products in China, whose Hunan producing areas are mainly distributed in the area of Zhangjiajie. The variety of aphides that make the gall in Zhangjiajie, the relationship between weigh and volume of gall and the number of aphids in the gall, the supercooling point and freezing point of two stages of aphids (parthenogenetic aphids and nymphs aphids), normative cultivation summer and winter hosts of aphids and Artificial conservation the aphids to overwinter were studied. It provides reference for that which galls should be reserved for producing next year, also practical and theoretical basis of expanding gall-producing areas and increasing gall production.1-. It was identified that the gall makers of horned gall and iron ovate gall are respectively Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell) and Kaburagiarhusicola ovogallis(Tsai et Tang). Analysis of the relationship between weight and volume of gall and the number of aphids in the gall showed the following results. When the dry weight stays betwixt and between 1.5 g and 3.5 g, the aphids in the gall are in larger quantities, while the number of aphids in the gall that has heavier dry weight increased not too much. When volume of gall stays betwixt and between 10.0 mL and 17.5 mL, the number of aphids in the gall appear a peak, while the number of aphids decrease when the volume reincreases. The average water content of fresh galls is 43.32%+8.5%.2,By the determination of parthenogenetic aphides and nymphs aphides'cooling point and freezing point,we get that the lowest supercooling point of Parthenogenetic aphides was-15.69℃, the highest was-11.12℃and the average was-13.32±0.77℃; the lowest freezing point of Parthenogenetic aphides was-14.54℃, the highest was-10.80℃and the average was-13.00±0.72℃.Meanwhile the lowest supercooling point of nymphs aphides was-20.24℃, the highest was-17.02℃and the average was-18.95±0.82℃; the lowest freezing point of nymphs aphides was-20.07℃, the highest was-16.95℃and the average was-18.70±0.82℃.The correlation coefficient between Parthenogenetic aphides'cooling point and freezing point was 0.924(P<0.001),for nymphs aphides,the number was 0.996(P<0.001), both showed a very relevant. The normal distribution test showed that this cooling point and freezing point accord with normal distribution.This part speculated a conclusion that nymphs aphides has a strong ability to overwinter in theory.3,The winter hosts of gall aphids grow well in PET bottle. Under the natural conditions, summer hosts of gall a.phids(Rhus chinensis Mill and Rhus punjabensis Stew.var.sinica(Diels) Rehd.et Wils.) can grow in normal condition.In this research,5 Rhus chinensis Mill and 5 Rhus punjabensis Stew.var.sinica (Diels) Rehd.et Wils.were cultured,also moss(the winter hosts of gall aphids) was planted in 50 PET bottles. The survival rate of these trees and moss were 100%.We have putted gall aphids in these 50 PET bottles,at last the gall aphids overwinter successful in 39 PET bottles.Taking the bottle as a unit,we get a overwinter rate 78%.Saving Gallnuts indoor and overwintering. The sample statistics show that the overwinter rate of the nymphs aphides, which was artificial saved indoor first yesr,was 28.68%.