Study On Characteristics Of Plant Height Formation Of Triticale For Forage

To explore the characteristics of hexoploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) for forage and understand their physiological property, the morphological and physiological characters and the cytological anatomical structure of stem meristem were studied, through the comparative analysis in six varieties of different plant height of triticale. In order to provide the theoreticale basis as referenced that breeding the varieties of triticale with the high yield quality and the reasonable cultivation measures. The main results of this research are follows:1. The plant height and its componentThe plant heights of triticale varieties for forage were significantly higher than triticale genotypes for food or feed. The plant height index was significantly different in two types of triticales. The dynamic changes of triticale height indicated that the max development speed of forage triticale about 10 days later than the dual types. And the plant height was significantly positive correlation to plant height components factor. The first and second internodes from the top contribute directly to plant-height, while the other internodes and spike length have indirect contribution to plant-height by first and second internodes from the top.2. Observations of cytological characters in triticaleThe shorten of third, fourth and fifth internodes length from the top in triticale radiation are mainly attributed to the decrease of the cell number per stem node, while the shorten of first and second third stem node length are mainly attributed to the decrease of the cell length.3. Enzymogram and activity of POD isoenzyme in triticalePlant height is negatively correlated with peroxidase activities, but which is not significa- nt. The zymograms of peroxidase isozyme in six varieties triticale present no difference with bands in all five varieties.4. Change trends of plant hormone in triticaleThe contents of ABA and ZR in the triticale genotypes for food or feed were higher than that of the triticale genotypes for forage during the different growing stages. The contents of GA in the triticale genotypes for food or feed were lower than that of that of the triticale genotypes for forage in different growing stages except June 2. The contents of IAA of the triticale genotypes for food or feed were significantly lower than that of the triticale genotypes for forage on June 7.The ratio of IAA/ABA,GA/ABA and(IAA+GA)/ABA in the triticale genotypes for forage were higher than the triticale genotypes for food or feed. The change trends of ZR/IAA and ZR/GA were opposite to that of contents of IAA and GA.5. The effects of exogenous gibberellin (GA3) on plants development of triticaleEffects of GA3 on different components of the plant height are different among triticale lines, GA3 concentrations and spraying stages. Spraying GA3 at jointing stage, the relative growth rate of triticale genotypes for rorage was significantly higher than that of triticale genotypes for food or feed, and the relative growth was lower than that of control at later growth stage; the relative growth rate of triticale for food or feed was no significant difference with control. The basal internodes elongation under spraying GA3 was stimulated. At heading, the relative growth rate of triticale genotypes for food or feed was lower than that of control, while the relative growth of triticale for forage was higher than that of control.