Study On The Resources Of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) In Ya'an And Pollen Morphology

There are 900 various Impatiens genus in the world, among which approximately 220 species distribute in China. The diversity of Impatiens provides abundant gene resources for breeding herb flower species. But up to now this precious germplasm resources are still left in wild without sufficient researches on the breeding or horticultural culture, especially on the preservation of germplasm, so study on the germplasm resources of Impatiens is of great significance.For that reason, this study investigated and identified the resources of the Impatiens at Zhougong mountain Forest Park, Haizi mountain, Bifeng canyon Ecloogical Tourist Area, Laba river Natural Scenic Spot, Er'lang mountain Forest Park, Taihu Temple, Longcang ravine Forest Park in June 2009 to December 2010. The investigation included the site conditions, general situation of the species group, the size of the plant and the condition of the leaf, the flower, the capsule, the seed. At the same time, the study researched the pollen morphology of the Impatiens which was based on the resources of it. Measured the eight quantitative indexes (polar axis, long equatorial diameter, short equatorial diameter, aperture length, aperture width, aperturate number, lumina size and, muri width) and qualitative indexes (the shape in polar view, the type of sexine ornamentation, muri length, merits degrees of muri, the shape of muri, the degree of uniformity of lumen, the shape of lumen, the difference of the lumen between the polar view and the aperture, the irregular capita in lumen). Use the quantitative and qualitative indexes as the operational unit to do main component analysis, and then made the clustering analysis by SPSS.The main results are summarized as follows:1 Resources of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) in Ya'anBy investigating the resources of Impatiens L. natural distributing in Ya'an, sixteen species were found. They were I. omeiana Hook.f.,I. pritzelii Hook.f.,I. spathulata Y.X. Xiong,I. rhombifolia Y.Q. Lu et Y.L.Chen,I. lemeei Levl, I.tienchuanensis Y.L.Chen,I. oxyanthera Hook.f.,I. rostellata Franch.,I. tortisepala Hook.f., I. undulate Y.L.Chen et Y.Q.Lu, I. dicentra Franch. ex Hook.f.,I. vittata Franch., I. faberi Hook.f.,I. delavayi Franch.,I. alpicola Y.L. Chen et Y.Q.Lu,I. platychlaena Hook.f. On the other hand, complemented and detailed the morphological characterstics of the 16 tested species by measured the various data index.In the investigation, it was found that the groups of I. omeiana Hook.f.,I. pritzelii Hook.f.,I. tortisepala Hook.f.,I. platychlaena Hook.f. were very small, even some relevant protection was badly in need for a few plants that updated weakly. But the dispersedspecies such as I.tienchuanensis Y.L.Chen and I. rhombifolia Y.Q. Lu et Y.L.Chen were picked as feed by the local people, even extensive population couldn't bear such destroy. So we hoped this investigation could cause the attention of concerned branch to strengthen the protecting of the resource of Impatiens.2 Pollen morphology of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from Ya'anPollen morphology of the sixteen species of Impatiens occurring in Ya'an was examined based on SEM. The pollen of Impatiens was etc extremely kernel pollen and belonged to the type of N3P4C3 or N4P4C3. The outline in polar view was rounded triangular, ellipse, oblong, dumb-bell, and the outline in equatorial view was all oblateness. The aperture was angulaperturate and the number was 3 or 4. The length of polar axis was 11.5～19.6μm, the length of the long equatorial diameter was 25.7～36.2μm, the length of the short equatorial diameter was 16.5～22.1μm. The sexine ornamentation of the Impatiens was reticulate. On the other hand, some characteristic showed difference, existing obvious heterogeneity and diversity, which mainly displayed in the pollen size, shape and the width of muri, the lumina size, the capita absence on the inner locule wall and so on. These differences were a good reason to this genera of the taxonomy. The pollen characteristics especially the capita could be used as the important proof of the classification of the Impatiens.Sporopollen analysis showed that the 3-aperturate types evolved to the 4-aperturate types, the 3-aperturate types such as I. omeiana Hook.f. was the original group, and the 4-aperturate types such as I. rhombifolia Y.Q. Lu et Y.L.Chen was the evolutionary group. Learned from the dendrogram of Q cluster analysis for Impatiens.L, a lot of the same conclusions could be found between the pollen typoiogical classification and external character classification. In the investigation, pollen data supported that the 3-aperturate ones existed certain relevance with the 4-lateral sepals ones, and also the muri shape, the lumina size existed certain relevance with the the spur shape, and the threadlet growing on the Wing. But there were some variant between the pollen typoiogical classification and external character classification, indicating that pollen morphology exist certain relevance with the genetic traits of Impatiens but not the direct relevance. These differences were related to the problems of the study methods, such as subjective factor, measuring error, the polymorphism of coding and the different cluster methods, so it needed to be studied much more carefully and deeply.