Study On Synthetic Process Of 1,2,4-butanetriol Trinitrate

1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) is an energetic plasticizer in the rock-et propellant. BTTN is synthesised from the raw material 1,2,4-butanetriol (B T) via nitration reaction. The effect of nitrating agents on the yield of nitration reaction was studied, and the proper nitrating agents were found. With mixed acid as nitrating agent, the yield of BTTN was 79.7% under the optimal react-ion conditions with the mass ratio 45:55 of 95% nitric acid to 98% sulfuric acid and the mass ratio 7:1 of mixed acid to BT for 30 min at 20℃. With N2O5/HNO3 as nitrating agent, the yield of BTTN was 61.4% under the opti-mal reaction conditions with the concentration 6.67% of N2O5 and the mass ra-tio 9:1 of N2O5/HNO3 to BT for 60 min at 10℃.On this basis, the improvement was made for the both of the above nitra-ting agents, enhancing the nitration ability and increasing the yield of BTTN. With pure nitric acid and oleum (containing 20% SO3) replacing 95% nitric a-cid and 98% sulfuric acid, the yield of BTTN was up to 82.2% under the co-nditions with the mass ratio 3.00 : 3.61:1 of pure nitric acid to oleum to BT for 30 min at 20℃. Adding oleum into N2O5/HNO3, the yield of BTTN was up to 93.6% under the conditions with the mass ratio 0.20:2.80:3.61:1 of N2O5 to pure nitric acid to oleum to BT for 30 min at 10℃.