Study On The Fauna, Distribution Pattern, Adaptation And Evolution Of The Genus Helina From China (Diptera:Muscidae)

The genus Helina belongs to suborder Cyclorrhapha, order Diptera, Calyptratae, and it occurs in all zoogeographic regions of the world and comprises601species. There are a little biogeography researches on Helina, and no deeper level of results available. Base on these abundant taxonomy data of Helina from China, it is necessary to put into deeper biogeography research. Due to its special geological history, China is ideal place to carry on the study of species distribution pattern, evolution and faunal region. It is very important for the conservation of biological diversity.In this paper, the study was carried out through SPSS (Statistic Pocket for Social Scince) software, PAE (Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity), GIS (Geographic Information System) software, and historical biogeography theory. we studied and discussed the characters distribution, distribution pattern, origin and evolution. Base on Helina specimens distribution data and more than82journals and monographs, a database of Chinese Helina distribution was erected.A catalogue with distribution information of Chinese Helina was provided, totally217species, accounting for38.07%of that known worldwide. Besides181species endemic to China,33species in Palaearctic Region,17species in Oriental Region,13species in Nearctic Region, respectively1species in Neotropical Region, Afrotropical Region and Australian Region; Southwest China with the most plentiful species; Sichuan with the most plentiful species;3species distribution centers were proposed:Hengduan Mountains Region, Loess Plateau and Northeast China.Chinese endemic species were very plentiful, accounting for83.41%of that known species.2Chinese endemic species distribution centers were proposed:Hengduan Mountains Region, Loess Plateau Region. By PAE analysis,2AOEs (areas of endemism) were primarily proposed: East and Southeast Hengduan Mountains, West and Northwest Loess Plateau.5distribution types were proposed:China (Northeast China, Hengduan Mountains, Loess Plateau, Taiwan), Palaearctic, Palaearctic and Oriental, Holactic and Oriental. The adaptation and evolution of Helina was discussed by body color, body hair, size and terminalia.