| Wild Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus Blanchard,1871) is a rare endemic amphibian, Crytobranchidae, which exists widely in China. For some reasons, its number droped sharply and habitats was destoryed excessively.In order to learn the quantity, habitats distribution, population dynamic, conditions of habitats, reasons of decline of wild Chinese giant salamander in Yuanqu, Shanxi province, we carried out a investigation in the years of 2009～2010.1. The results showed that historically, wild Chinese giant salamander distributed mainly in Lishan town and Shangwang county in Yuanqu Shanxi province and the resources was abundant before 1970's, currently, only distributed in the town of Lishan. It was calculated that the gross of population was about 300kg. Because of exterior endangered factors, the habitats and quantity of wild Chinese giant salamanders have been suffering destruction and decline, so it is very urgent to enhance the conservation and management of resources. The factors most responsible for the population decline over the last 30 years were a great deal purchase and hunting, fishing in destructive way, water pollution of mine exploitation. The bionomic strategies of the animal result in its population frangibility, which accelerates the animal's population decline.2. By the methods of field investigation and laboratory analysis, the results showed that environment is good and water quality meet the state standards and fit for wild Chinese giant salamander to live. In the inhabited reaches of wild Chinese giant salamander were characterized by larger rang of altitud (490～1330m), relatively small river width (3.78～9.12m)and depth (0.66～1.23m), lithoid substrate with more gravels or rocks, irregular river bed, stony river bank with more scrub vegetation, and weaker anthropgenic disturbances. The waters in the habitats were with DO (8.07～10.18mg/L), TN (0.018～0.060 mg/L) and TP (0.010～0.0250 mg/L), moderate total hardness (61.02～149.00 mg/L). The main factors that wild Chinese giant salamander select the habitats were altitude, pH, depth, width of river, DO, TN, TP.3. There are 242 species of phytoplankton in the habitats of wild giant salamander, which blonged to 57 genera of 8 phyla. Bacillariophta was the main phytoplankton. There were 100 species of zooplankton in the habitats of wild giant salamander, which blonged to 17 genera. Protozoa and rotifera were mainly zooplankton. There are 9 species of benthic animals, which aquatic insects and oligochaetes were main benthic animals.There are 6 species of fishes. There are 9 species of aquatic plants. Fish, aquatic plants, and benthicanimals were small on the type and quantity. The sources of fishes of giant salamander were poor.4. The factors most responsible for the population decline over the last 30 years were a great deal purchase and hunting, fishing in destructive mesns, water pollution of mine exploitation. The bionomic strategies of the animal result in its population frangibility, which accelerates the animal's population decline.In comsideration of the development course, sequel and causes of Shanxi, and in the face of the actuallity of the animal distributing dispersedly, we put forward some suggestions as follow in order to save the residual individuals for avoiding the animail extinction in Shanxi. First, we should apply national nature reserve of wild giant salamander to enhance the portection. Secondly, we should locally centralize the animal's residual individuals of distributing dispersedly and making up of a man-made popuation hardly so that we coule invest focally, protece the animail efficiently and research the animal conveniently, and the animal could be easy to estabish and recover the potulation. Finally, pay attention to the proliferation of fishes, shrimps, crabs and other wild giant salamander baits. |
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