Research On Knee Prosthesis Surgery Location Based On Finite Element Analysis

With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standard, people pay more attention to their own health. The knee joint, as one of the most important and complex joints, is very vulnerable in daily life. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), an effective treatment modality for knee osteoarthritis, has been widely applied and developed. The TKA results are mainly affected by the prosthetic positioning. The poor prosthetic alignment can lead to excessive wear of the polyethylene insert and the prosthetic loosening. Therefore, the research on the prosthetic positioning and biomechanics of the healthy knee is necessary.To obtain a precise and complete model of knee and prosthesis, a variety of image collection technologies and software are involved. According to the TKA surgery process, virtual osteotomy is performed in MIMICS software to establish the TKA knee model.Based on the reported articles and knee anatomy, the material properties and boundary conditions of the healthy and TKA knee models are defined, and the finite element analysis is performed. The positioning parameters of the prosthesis are optimized by the orthogonal method. The simulation results of the healthy knee in this study is similar to the reported results, and it indicates that this finite element method could be used in the research of the TKA knee model. With the orthogonal method, the optimal positioning of the femoral and tibial prosthesis is obtained, and the stress of the optimal TKA knee model is markedly reduced.In this study, the images achieved by CT, MRI, and reverse engineering technology are imported into CAD software to construct an accurate knee model. This model is very close to the real anatomy, and it provides foundation for the finite element analysis. The positioning parameters of the femoral and tibial prosthesis are optimized in this study, respectively. In addition, the influence extent of each positioning factor is compared. For the femoral prosthesis, the order of the factors'influence extent from strong to weak is, the medial-lateral translation, the external rotation angle, the valgus angle. For the tibial prosthesis, the order is, the medial-lateral translation, the external rotation angle, the retroversion angle, forward-backward translation. The obtained results in this study provide reference value and scientific guidance for the human biomechanics research and TKA surgery.