| Wolong Nature Reserve(200 000 ha,102°52'-103°24'E; 30°45-31°25'N) in Sichuan Province, Southwest China, is located on the southeast slope of Qionglai Mountain of upper reaches of Minjiang River in the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This is a transitional area from the Sichuan Basin to the Tibetan Plateau. This area is classified as Qingzang (Tibetan) plateau climate, determined by westerly jet and southeast monsoon. Balang Mountain is located in Wolong nature reserve, where rich ornamental resources, subalpine and alpine meadows flowers have a great variety species, particularly endemic account for a large proportion. It is significantly richer than other similar elevation gradient places in Sichuan Province, even throughout the country, so it is called a green treasure house. In this paper, selected sub-alpine and alpine meadow on sunny slope in Balang Mountain (hereinafter referred to as "investigation area") as the study area, flowers flora, geographical distribution, patterns of biological diversity, and biomass to elevation were studied. And correlation with biomass and soil factors also were studied. The results are contributed for the landscape construction and the basic data of landscape plant introduction and breeding. Used the way of flora classifying from Wu ZhengYi, the floristic features of meadow flowers were analyzed in investigation area. There are 30 families,76 genera and 125 species there, which are important families, and most of them have few kinds of genus and species. Families, genera and species have significant temperate elements, and the characteristic of endemic species was also specific.Biodiversity to elevation were studied on sunny slope in Balang Mountain. The species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index showed a∩-shaped curve, and the three data were highly uniformity (p<0.05). Species richness and Pielou homogeneity are main factors for a diversity, but the former is more significantly than the latter.βdiversity index increased gradually with larger gap of elevation, on the contrary, the data decreased gradually with smaller gap of elevation. Higher value ofβdiversity index means that the species is various, the opposite is also true.There are 13 dominant communities and their aboveground biomass showed ∩-shaped curve with increasing elevation. And the biomass of fruit, stems, leaves are highly consistent with total biomass (p<0.05), but underground biomass showed a U-shaped curve. The species which belong to average richness value have higher biomass.Aboveground biomass was significantly positively correlated with species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index (p<0.01). Underground biomass was significantly negatively correlated with Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index (p <0.05), but it showed a single peak pattern with richness index.Soil pH, the contents of soil organic matter, total N, available P all declined linearly with increasing elevation (p<0.05). And total K, available N increased linearly to elevation (p<0.01).The higher contents of total N and available K would contribute to the increase of flower phytocommunity biomass in the investigation area. The higher contents of organic matter and effective P would contribute to the increase of underground biomass (p<0.05). High content of total K and hydrolysable N is harmful to the accumulation of underground biomass (p<0.05). Total N is a main factor for meadow's flower plants growth. |
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