Directional Antenna Wsn-based Clustering Routing Protocol

WSN(Wireless Sensor Network)consists of many nodes with antenna which have the abilities of sensing, computing,and communicating. The nodes in WSN use the battery which can not be replaced or charged. So the energy efficiency is one of the main concerns that affect WSN performance in the routing algorithm designation.In this dissertation, the characteristic of WSN routing designation is introduced. Based on the analysis of these characteristics, key technology and difficulty in WSN routing algorithm designation is illustrated. Next, some typical routing algorithms in WSN are introduced with the analysis of their pros and cons and classified according to three network structures. In former WSN routing algorithms, two typical algorithms bring great improvement to saving energy consumption, which are directional diffusion algorithm and cluster based algorithm. The basic idea of directional diffusion is that useful data gathered by node is transmitted to the base station in a fixed direction, while the basic idea of cluster based algorithm is to form clusters in the network based on nodes'location and energy status. In former algorithm, the omni-antenna is the only option which is also a key reason for the fact that directional diffusion algorithm and cluster based algorithm are impossible to be implemented together. In this dissertation, directional antenna is introduced in the WSN routing algorithm designation, and based on hierarchy clustering concept and usage of directional antenna which brings in the advantage of energy saving and effective transmission in a fixed direction, a new WSN clustering algorithm is introduced: CBDA. Then NS-2 system is briefly introduced in this dissertation. The NS-2 implementations of LEACH and CBDA are realized with simulation results showing that, compared to LEACH,CBDA algorithm can prolong the life span of WSN by 20% and postpone the time point when first node begin to die(running out of power)by 30%.