| The prevalence of low vision is high among students in our country,and over 98%of low vision is myopia.Myopia is one of the main factors that endanger the health of students,especially in recent years,the prevalence of myopia continues to rise to a serious health hazard,which has become a public health problem of concern. The results of Physical Monitoring of the National Students showed that the low vision detection rate of the primary school students was 32.5%,of the junior middle school students 59.4%,of the senior middle school students 77.3%.of the college students 80.0%.The percentage is far beyond the national level in urban areas in our country,especially in large cities.The pathogenesis of myopia haven't yet been clarified so far,and there are no specific treatment,so the key intervention for myopia lies in the prevention and control of risk factors related to.The impact factors of myopia include genetic factors and environmental factors.The myopia in schools is mainly attributable to environmental factors,while the genetic factors have little role.At present,most of the studies on the risk factors of myopia involved in only a single factor or a part,and lack a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of factors.It is necessary to assess the risk factors of myopia generally,and further explore the targeted interventions in order to reduce the incidences of myopia.ObjectivesTo investigate the related risk factors of myopia and analyze the relevant factors in the prevalence of primary school students and the understanding of the related information on myopia among parents and primary school teachers.Explore the targeted interventions of myopia and provide a scientific basis of the program development of practical interventions.1,Assess the risk factors of myopia2,Analyze the status of low vision of low-grade primary school students and related risk factors in the prevalence of 3,Know about issues related to the cognition of myopia among parents and teachersMethodsSelected six districts in Shanghai as the sample area,then randomly selected different schools at sample areas.Investigate the student,parents and teachers with self-designed questionnaire through quantitative research methods,and analyze the vision of students by the last visual acuity test results which provide by school (March 2007).After being sorted and collected,data would be analyzed by statistical software SPSS11.5 and SAS8.2.Results1,The prevalence of myopia of the students in senior middle schools is 75.1%, among which the boys is 70.1%,the girls is 79.6%.General analysis of the risk factors of myopia results show that sex,myopia of the father or the mother,the distance between eyes and books when reading,time to do homework every night,the average time duration to read or write once,do eye exercise right or not,eye fatigue are significant correlation factors with myopia..2,The low vision rate of low-grade students in primary schools in Shanghai is 32.1%,among which the mild,moderate and severe is 10.5%,13.9%and 7.7%in turn, and the boys is 30.1%,the girls is 34.1%,the Grade one,two,three is 26.9%,31.4% and 38.55 in turn.3,The survey on the visual behaviors of pupils found that there are bad behaviors in popular.The ratio of distance between the eyes and books above 30cm when reading is only 52.5%.The ratio of distance between the fingertips and nib above 3cm when writing is only 46.0%.Only 22.1%of pupils do homework every day within an hour,while 10.6%need even more than three hours.The ratio of reading or writing more than 40 minutes once every day is 23.6%,while only 21.6% have not.The awareness and attitude of myopia prevention among pupils is not very well.Only 70.2%think that myopia is a disease of much danger,and only 78.3% think that myopia can be prevented,but 92.5%have the determination to correct the incorrect behaviors on eyes. 4,The right answer rate of distance between the eyes and books when reading among teachers is only 59.4%,of distance between the fingertips and nib when writing is only 69.6%.77.1%of parents and 80.1%of teachers think that myopia is a very harmful disease.88.4%of parents and 85.1%of teachers think that myopia can be prevented.Conclusions1,There are a variety of factors related to myopia.The survey results reflect that the adverse behavior is one of the major risk factors which have role in the occurrence and development of myopia.2,The low vision rate of students in the primary school is higher than the national average,and increase with the rise of school-age.The adverse visual behaviors are prevalent in the primary.Most students recognize the danger of myopia, and have the determination to correct the incorrect behaviors on eyes.3,The knowledge of health on eyes among teachers is general low,however, most teachers and parents believe that myopia is a very harmful disease,and myopia can be prevented.4,It is suggested that comprehensive intervention conducted as soon as possible to the low-grade primary students.The intervention focus on the reduce of burden on eyes and establishment of good behavior on eyes.At the same time,the education on parents and teachers must be strengthened.Improve their level of knowledge with the health of eyes and their attention to the myopia prevention,which play an important role in the prevention and control of myopia. |
