| Strength, as the base of physique, can be used in many sports items.Discus sportsman's strength training has already caught coaches and athletes'attention. While the improvement of strength isn't in proportion to theimprovement of darting discus' capacity, because only under the condition thatgeneral strength training being transformed into specific strength, generalstrength training can improve some specific sports item's ability.In the discus training, coaches pay little attention to the general strengthtraining, but much attention to some specific strength training. So athletes makefewer efforts in general strength training, much in speed training. Speedtraining is widely used in discus athletes' strength training. It requires discusathletes exert their brunt in the shortest time, so coaches need to have specificstrength training in their whole training, and they also have to consider fittingnerve-muscle system's high constringency and using the integrative training ofconcordance, strength and speed. Developing specific speed training is a crucialelement in the improvement of darting discus' scores.It can be known from the skill requirement of darting discus that discus isthe erective arm rotation event, so the torso plays a decisive role;the legs are itsstrongpoint, they make the torso's big muscles' strength budges the arms andshoulders revolve anticlockwise. So improving the strength of revolving thetorso is the base in discus strength training. Strength training contains generalstrength training and specific strength training. General strength training is thebase;its main purpose is to develop basic strength. After systematical andeffective training, athletes' arms and legs strength can be improved. Specificstrength training refers to the training that is directly connected with specificitems' skill requirements;its main purpose is to development the ability ofinvolving in specific action and also the ability of muscles' concordance. Wehave ever pursued general strength' improvement blindly, while neglected theassociation of specific strength training and specific skill requirements, as aresult, strength ability is improved, but darting discus' ability descents or islittle improved. The reason is that only under the condition that general strengthtraining being transformed into specific strength, general strength training canimprove some specific sports item's ability. Physique of strength transformedinto specific skill requires a transitional period, and for this transition, theearlier, the better.This paper makes the research on sixteen male discus athletes aged from 18-20,by the methods of collecting materials, doing experiments and dealing withspastics. After three months' experiment, the paper drew the followingconclusion:1. The scores of darting discus lie in three elements: initial speed, initialangle and initial height. Initial speed lies in athletes' body height;initial speedlies in velocity in the speed training. The scores of darting discus are not somuch associated with athletes' biggest strength;while they are highlyassociated speed strength.2. Different items' skill requirements have different skill structure, anddifferent muscles involves in them. Darting requires exerting the fastestacceleration's bursting speed. So when athletes are having their strengthtraining, they should choose proper training content according to the item's skillstructure, so as to develop correlative muscles strength;we also have toacquaint muscles' strength characteristics, working patterns, forcing directions,joint's angle through muscle's electrical study, so as to assure the properstrength training method. We can receive good effects only under the conditionthat we arrange strength training considering sports items' characteristics.3. Discus strength training requires strength physique has to convertspecific skill through a transitional period, and for this transitional period, theearlier, the better. It is advised that small strength training that is similar withspecific skills, light apparatus training should follow the general strengthtraining. For during the course of strength training, specific skill can also beimproved, on the other hand, additional training can coordinate strengthtraining's rhythm, specific event's speed and skill rhythm.This paper's practical research function: this paper gives specific trainingmethods about male juveniles' strength training after three months' experiment;the training purpose is mainly to convert general strength capacity into specificitem's capacity, hoping to provide some references to discus' athletes andcoaches to some extend. |
