Contemporary Relationship Between Pan-Turkism And Pan-Islamism

This paper, from the perspectives of history, theory, and current condition successively, analyzes the relations of the Pan-Turkism and the Pan-Islamism, and ends with giving some suggestions for the Chinese National Security policy.Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism (abbreviated as"the two Pan-ideologies") were two social political ideological trends emerged in the middle and late 19th century. Pan-Turkism, which pursues the establishment of alliance, the unification and even the independence of the nations speaking Turkic language, generated first in Russia. It then spread to Turkey and the Sinkiang Province of China. Pan-Islamism, first advocated by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, a famous Islam scholar, aimed at uniting the Islam world and forming a Caliphate Empire to combat the invasion of the Western colonists. In modern times, the relation of the two ideologies was complex, which was intimate in Russia and Chinese Sinkiang province while estranged in Turkey (the final phase of the Ottoman Empire).Theoretically speaking, the two ideologies are totally different because the Pan-Turkism, can be attributed to one kind of Nationalism, while the Pan-Islamism belongs to the religious ideology. Out of some reasons such as the shared traits of Pan-Ideology, however, they are also closely connected. From the general views, they are more connected than distinguished.Affected by some international factors, the relation of the two ideologies was getting increasingly internationalized and extreme after a short period of hibernation. In view of the complicated knit between the two ideologies and East Turkistan separatists, the Chinese government should upgrade and optimize the responding strategies.