Study Of The Yuan Dynasty Monitor Regulations

Yuan Dynasty formed the situation where three parts had different rights and were not responsible for one another, which were the executive (Zhongshu Province), military (Privy Council), monitoring (Supervisory Ministry). Its monitoring system formed a strict monitoring of the network, which was focused on the central supervisory organization supervisory organization line, and under the jurisdiction of the political Su-22's supervisory system. In order to ensure that moniting rights were carried out smoothly, Yuan rulers made the first central monitoring laws, <She Li Xian Tai Ge Li>, based on the experience of the previous central monitoring and regulations. In addition, they also made monitoring laws for the Supervisory Ministry and the divisions of the Supervisory Ministry based on sepcific duties of local superivisory organizations. The completing of supervisory regulations was a prominent feature of supervisory and political system in Yuan Dynasty. The content of supervisory regulations covered establishment of supervisory agency number, equipment and management of supervisors, work methods, requirements, supervisory items of supervisory agency, and terms of reference for supervisory agency. That not only provided legal basis for operation supervisory agency in Yuan Dynasty, but also enriched the content of Chinese ancient laws. This paper conducted multi-angle studies, aiming at the main content and important issues of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. It also expounded the roles and main characteristic of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty, analyzed advantages and disadvantages, gain and loss of the regulations, and made objective assessment of its role.The paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly expounds the legislative background of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. It also catalogued the main supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty, and laid the foundation for later discussion. The second part expounds main supervisory items of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. The supervisory items involved the provisions for officials, military, personnel, agriculture, water conservansy, disasters, finance and (?)my, schools and social customs, as well as litigation, trial, prison supervision. It pointed out that supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty didn't confined its monitored objects to officials any more, but also to all aspects of life. Moreover, it expounds the regulations of terms of reference for Supervisory Ministry, Supervisory organization and Su-22's supervisory system, as well as the retroactivity of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. The third part mainly expounds supervisory methods and discipline of supervisors which were set by supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. It focuses on three main supervisory methods, such as expedition, inspecting cases, and discussion. It also expounds the regulations relating to discipline of supervisors in supervisory regulations. The fourth part evaluates the supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. It sunnarizes the characteristics of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. This part fully affirmed the innovation in legislation and legislative technology of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty, pointing out that supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty was beginning to take shape of code, micro-legislative technology was quite advanced, its content was the most complete in the history. It also analyzes objectively the reason for the flourishing of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty, explains briefly the influence and contribution of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. The last part analyzes the factors that restricted the implementation of supervisory regulations in Yuan Dynasty. It points out that the main factors were the dissupport of emperor, the power officials being in power, the quality of supervisors being low, and the limitation of regulations itself.