Based On Social Rights, The Concept Of Welfare State Change And Its Revelation

The reform of today's welfare-state regimes is an ideological warfare about the "social rights" idea. Some renowned scholars, have thoughtfully expounded the relationship between the "social rights" and welfare-state regimes, such as, Gosta Esping-Andersen's "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism", Richard M. Titmuss's "Social Policy", T.H.Marshall's "Civil Rights and Social Class". So the theoretical framework is done against this underground.Speaking from the research object, this paper is about the relationship between welfare-state regimes and social rights, its focus is to analyze the dynamic features of the evolution of social rights idea in social welfare policies. The overall methodology is the study method of this paper. Based on literature research, the paper gives priority to qualitative and standard analysis. On the basis of the concept of de-commodification, the paper that is coupled with the paper's new analytical point of view-"stratification of social rights", is to analyze and evaluate the social welfare policies effect, finally analyzing and interpreting social rights idea's importance of types of welfare states and influence on the future welfare-state regimes reform direction.This paper is mainly from the interdisciplinary perspective, including the following two aspects:First, from the perspective of political superstructure in political economics, mainly based on Gosta Esping-Andersen's partition of three types of the welfare states and taking the "de-commodification" concept as the theoretical tool, the paper is to analyze path dependence of the welfare-state regimes. Through the analysis of social rights, it can deduct the comparative analysis of the welfare state and the welfare system, furthermore being in-depth analysis of the three types of welfare capitalism. Among them, "social rights" do not only play"a connecting link between the preceding and the following" role, but are the proper meaning of the course of welfare-state regimes' reform. "The preceding" is because it is developed from tradition, values, economic development and other factors. It can not be separated from the national conditions. "The following", to some extent, determines the policy direction of the welfare state, and it has become the focus of the reform. But the main body and the scope of the system is hard to be completely fixed, which is not simply solved by the economic development. For this reason, the three types of welfare states have their own different concepts of understanding social rights. For this, this paper presents such an assumption that social rights idea can become the third vital element in parallel to the political rights and economic rights to affect national policies design. Which is at the most important position and which will support such issues? What elements do social rights involve? What relationship is there in the end between social rights and economic development and political reform? How will it affect a country's welfare policy's changes? Different answers perhaps can help us be more deeply aware of welfare system's differentiated reasons.In evaluating different welfare states' policies effect, this paper proposes a new analytical tool, which is also a major innovation point—"stratification of social rights". It is a measure of social rights' effect in practice, and there is a positive correlation between stratification of social rights and the differences of social rights standards. At the same time, as a theoretical analysis tool, de-commodification also has an impact on social rights. It can reflect social rights degrees when people still can acquire the social welfare protection through non-market access, and it is a negative correlation relation with stratification of social rights.Moreover, the paper also defines the six characteristics of social rights. They are of development, the class nature, resources, relativity, dynamic and system in turn, which is the second innovation point of this paper. Aiming at the contradictions between the limited resources and the demand legitimacy of social rights, this paper presents a preliminary and simple solution. Through the analysis of them, we may be able to more accurately analyze and grasp the evolution of the concept of social rights features and the impact on welfare regimes from design to reform.The second angel of view is public goods speciality of public economics, which is a third new perspective. The nature of a country's welfare products can be connected with the production technology, social rights idea, economy and other relevant but comprehensive factors. The citizens are entitled to the rights, which can involve the ways of producing and providing welfare production, market or other means. That means the ways or means to achieve social rights affect the realization of the ultimate goal, that is, it could guarantee social rights to be realized and may lead to the means out of line with the target. It can be seen that the way to achieve social rights is also an important factor to affect stratification of social rights.It is necessary to point out that these two angels of view are not a substitute relation, but a mutual relation. In addition to economic environment causes, they are more well and truly to analyze the welfare states' different social rights idea and its corresponding changes that can have the same impact on the welfare state's institutional change trends, finally being as an important reference for the reform of China's social security system .