Kant Factors In The Early Thought Of Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong catches well-read, before 18 years old, he mainly asks for advice to China's traditional culture, have read some ancient books and records and novel of the Confucian school, has produced the strong interest to the reformism of period of reform for a time . After getting to Changsha at 18 years old , begin to accept the society and politics theory of the western capitalist class more systematically, begin to seek knowledge in outside culture. In a short time, Mao Zedong has widely read Smith, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Le Mu, Louth, Darwin, steep giving birth to, guest filling in , uncle China , Nietzsche , Luo Su , Dewey , Kant , dose not dark ,etc. books of scholar not western then of, the thought becomes hodgepodge in thoughts , such as liberalism , democratic reformism , Utopian socialism ,etc. for a time . Among them, Kant's thought especially its impact on Mao Zedong of dualism are the enormousest. As to this, after the foundation of the state, Mao Zedong a lot of was mentioned in different occasions. Young Mao Zedong why accept Kant, Kant theory which impact on Mao Zedong embody in mainly, what kind of function this kind of influence has been played in the course of Mao Zedong's personal thought development to become the question that we must pay close attention to conscientiously .Resultant of forces that Kant is factors of various fields enable being right Mao Zedong's accepting. At that time, the intellectual circles in China of Kant's thought and theory circle spread wide, from the 1911 Revolution, the middle is via " the New Culture Movement ", until " the May Fourth Movement " period, Kant's theory has been in Chinese holder's very strong spread momentum all the time . Such powerful spread momentum becomes the objective foundation that Mao Zedong accepts Kant's thought. In addition, the influence that Cai Yuanpei and Yang Chang help can not be ignored either. Cai Yuanpei is famous educationist , thinker in China's modern history, at the same time is a Kant doctrine person even more. ChangJi Yang the May Fourth Movement eve domestic leaving Germany scholaring known, one Kant person who believed in of doctrine too. The two all exert a too direct influence on Mao Zedong's thought, it is the realistic route where Mao Zedong accepts Kant's thought. Finally, according to personal angle of Mao Zedong, young Mao Zedong has deep Germany complex. Whether Dick ? Wilson masterpiece " spirit - Mao Zedong of people" in he point out of the book once. "Mao and desolate to discuss latest news that newspaper publish constantly also, situation in Germany especially interested in, because China respects Germany very much. "This becomes the subjective important document that Mao Zedong accepts Kant.The influence on young Mao Zedong of Kant's theory is overall and deep, that period of specific periods, Mao Zedong nearly accepted the theory that Kant's doctrine is distributed on each aspect critically, from the philosophy aspects , to the ethics aspects , go to discipline aspects , such as aesthetics ,etc. to all contain dense Kant's factor . On the philosophy aspect, Mao Zedong believes in the dualism, accepts Kant and divides the world into the thing from the body (the world of other shore) and two points of laws of phenomenon (the world of this bank ), demonstrate the inclination of agnosticism in a long time cases, regard time as the esthesia form of the pure subject . On the ethics aspect, the subjective morals that Mao Zedong believes in Kant are restrained, it is that one does not needs one's own inherent value of the external reference system to think the ethical one good, on this basis, Mao Zedong recommends " spiritual individualism ", advocates " realizing oneself ". On the aesthstic aspect, Mao Zedong is still affected by aesthstic thought of the health deeply . He it " last beauty of asking " and mentioned,it make every effort not constructing - seat therefore and bridge,it is in order to entering "breathe out too with air more suck wave of sea not clear " " land not holy".Kant has played irreplaceable key function while Mao Zedong's early thought develops. Before touching Kant, young Mao Zedong's thought will come to say on the whole it is traditional , close and non- scientific; Since contact Kant, young thought structure of Mao Zedong is it take place the enthusiasm change to begin, the modernity thought enters into Mao Zedong's head and backward composition beginning to melt in the traditional thought gradually gradually, young Mao Zedong's thought solid ice is broken, the scientific factor in the thought begins to rise. We can say, Kant is that young Mao Zedong's thought is moved towards morden times by the tradition, have China move towards world , is it move towards open to seal, from science moves towards science , order by the inmature key intermediary that move to maturity. Regard Kant's thought as and rely on some for support, Mao Zedong's thought grows from idealism to the heart thing dualism, have realized the first leap on thethought. Accept after the Kant, Mao Zedong Kant of head think thing composition and traditional dialectics composition collide constantly only, agree with naturally, structure out the outline of dialectical materialism gradually. This laid the foundation in the second leap on his thought.