Transfer Of Rural Labor Under The Social Capital Perspective

Originating in the early 1980s', the transfer into cities and townsof rural redundant labor forces indicated the start of the transfer of ruralredundant labor forces to cities and towns in China in conformity withthe general laws of industrialization and modernization. But thisprocess differs from what have happened in the western countries aswell as in those basically industrialized developing countries greatly. Interms of form, the industrialization course in those countries ischaracterized by the rural redundant labor forces' working and settlingin cities. The rural redundant labor forces' flow into cities and towns,not settlement in cities and towns, is characteristic of China, however.From the foundation of the PRC to the eve of the reform and opening tothe outsides, the flow of rural redundant labor forces has been almoststagnant. Beginning in the early 1980s', the rural redundant labor forcesflew into town and township enterprises on the spot, which slowed itsstep from the early 1990s'. In our country, industrialization andmodernization are not accompanied by the transfer of rural redundantlabor forces into towns and cities .Many rural redundant labor forcescannot settle in towns and cities. This unique phenomenon must beexplained. From the foundation of the PRC until now, systems, marketstructures, cultures are the main restrictions on the transfer of ruralredundant labor forces into cities and towns. Census registering system,employment obtaining system and social security system have hinderedthe transfer into cities and towns of rural redundant labor forces.Efficient labor resources allocation cannot be achieved in imperfectlabor market .Discriminations and prejudices make it hard for ruralredundant labor forces to live in cities and towns. Social capital, however, plays an even more influential role in thecourse of the transfer into cities and towns of rural redundant labor inChina. Social capital, as a new analytic tool, is applied in sociologicalstudy initially. Now, it is applied in the study of economics widely, suchas migration, employment, human capital investment, science andtechnology development, economic development and so on. Socialcapital's application in the collective actions makes it anotheradministration form excluding market and government. In the essay the author analyses social capital's influences in thecourse of the transfer into cities and towns of rural redundant laborforces. High living and transaction costs in cities and towns andimperfect labor markets make it hard for rural redundant labor forces toobtain positions. Social capital in Chinese families make ruralredundant labor forces decide different policies when they decidebetween transfer into cities and towns and settlement in countries. Lackof social capital of rural redundant labor forces makes it hard for themto live in cities and towns. The author ponders over the phenomenon that rural redundantlabor forces flow into cities and towns in a new perspective. The authorconsiders it important for rural redundant labor forces to transfer intocities and towns that rural redundant labor forces organize themselvesand that the governments nurture social credibility and so on. The essay divides into four chapters. In the first chapter, the authorintroduces the theories of the social capital and the theories relevant torural redundant labor forces' transfer into cities and towns. Also theauthor reviews the existing researches over rural redundant labor forces'flow into cities and towns in China. In the second chapter, the authorreviews the history and the current situations of rural redundant laborforces' transfer into cities and towns in China, and concludes the realitythat rural redundant labor forces' flow into cities and towns , notsettlement in cities and towns in China. In the third chapter, the authorexplains the phenomenon by implementing the theory of social capital.In the last chapter, the author ponders over the phenomenon that ruralredundant labor forces flow into cities and towns in social capital...