The New Land System In China And Its Changes

1 The purpose and significance of the dissertation "Labor is father of wealth, land is mother of wealth ". WilliamPetty's famous saying points out that land is important for us. Land is themost basic resource and property of a country. All human wealth,fundamentally, are all originated from land. So, throughout history ofhuman being, no matter in which kind of social form, no matter in whichstage of history, and no matter in which country, land systems is the basicsystem to every society. The agricultural economic development is thefoundation of a nation's economic development. China is the country with the largest population. The per capita landarea at present is lower than that of most countries in the world. Thecultivated land of our country accounts for 7% of the cultivated land ofthe world, while it has to support more than 20% of the population in theworld. This is a big social problem that can't be ignored. All the time,Problems relevant to peasant are fundamental for China, while land is theclosest contact with peasant problem. So the land system is the basicsystem in various kinds of social economic systems of our country.Therefore the rural land system is the most basic social economic systemin china. The Chinese economic power is not strong; the economic power ofthe countryside is lower. Our country's social security system is notperfect now. There is not any social insurance for personal peasants in thecountryside at all.(There have some social insurance for peasants only infew place). So, to peasants, the land functions not only as the factor ofproduction in China, but also as the unemployment guarantee. These twofunctions not only have great effect on economy and stability of the ruralsociety, but also exert an influence on the whole national economy andcountry stability. So, arrangement of the rural land system is veryimportant to China. Since the setup of new China, the rural land system of China hasgone through the transformation from the land System before liberation tothe Family-contract Responsibility System. Different land systemarrangements result in different economic effects. The 50 years' reform and development of the Chinese countryside isa constant history of exploration and perfection of the institutions. Fromland reform to the cooperative transformation of the Chinese agriculturemoreover, from the people's commune to Family-contract ResponsibilitySystem, the Chinese peasants have walked through an uncommon road.Since the 3rd plenary of the 11th CPC Central Committee,Family-contract Responsibility System has been pursued ,which leads tothe historic massive change of the progress of the economy and thesociety throughout the Chinese countryside. Reviewing thesedevelopment courses, then exploring and summarizing the basicexperience of the countryside reform on this base, the writer goes deeperof the understanding on the policies of reform and opening up, meanwhile,on then necessarily and far-reaching significance of the reform of thecountryside economic system. And so we could base our action on thepresent countryside's prime problems and make further rural reform andaccelerate the modernization course of the Chinese countryside. In this dissertation I try to analysis the rural land system'stransformation after liberation and the current rural land system, anddiscuss above research about the future transformation of the rural landsystem.2 Way of thinking and the research technique of this dissertation Utilizing the basic principles of system transition of thecontemporary New Institution Economics and Utilizing sociologicalmethods, this dissertation firstly discusses the course of the rural landsystem transformation of our country after liberation and theperformances in every stage of rural land system. I try to find out inherentmechanism of this rural land system transformation course. And on thisbasis, this dissertation summarizes the characteristic and defects of therural land system in detail. ReferenceSecondly, Combining the theory analysis and Chinese realitytogethe...