| In 1987, the World Environment & Development Commission defined sustainable development as not only meeting the demand of the present but also meeting the development ability of the future. The tenet of sustainable development harmonizes population, resource and environment. As the core of development, human should make their productions harmonize with resource and environment. For developing countries, whether society and economy can develop in a sustainable mode mainly depends on the solution of population problem, which includes quantity, structure and diathesis of population. In one word, the problems of population are very important.Since the middle of 19th century, economics scholars began the research in transference of surplus rural labors in west industry countries. They grasped the most important reason of the rural labors transference, which is the income disparity between the rural and cities. They put forward the theory of the dual economic structure on the base of income disparity. This theory has important meanings for developing countries. In China, for the planned economy system, research on the rural labors transference began after implementing the Reform and Opening policy. But during the past twenty-four years, Chinese scholars made a great progress in research on the rural labors transference. They analyzed the mode, way, approach and many aspects, which formed a muti-subjects research situation. Nowadays, the rural population is more than 900 millions including 400 millions rural labors and 200 millions recessive unemployed men. But it is anxious that pressure of employment in rural areas will accelerate step by step with rural population increasing about 11 millions or 13 millions per year. The main reason that causes this problem is two-dimension economic system, which restricts the development oftown and the transference of surplus rural labors. The lag of development of town cumbers the rural sustainable development.In the past three years, the author has been researching the problem of surplus rural labors. The author discovers that the demand for institution is very urgent in the stage of economic system reform. For acclimatizing to the society and economics development, the institutions about rural labors transference need reform and innovation. 2002 is the first year of China taking part in WTO and the second year of the western exploitation. In the new situation, it has attracted attention all over the world on how to reduce surplus rural labors and change the production management mode of agriculture to accelerate the harmony among rural population, resource and environment, and finally make Chinese economy growth development at a high speed.The treatise uses sustainable development theory to analyze the primary characteristics of rural surplus labor transference and researches requirements of WTO and the western exploration for rural labors transference. This treatise includes four sections, which probes into the problems of transference of surplus rural labors and explores a comprehensive institution of surplus rural labors transference:Chapter One mainly introduces the status of foreign and domestic theories about transference of surplus rural labors. By summarizing these theories, this chapter indicates the limitation of domestic research and clarifies the fundamentality of theories, and advances that researchers should pay attention to the following aspects: we should use historic views to survey and research the problems of surplus rural labor transference by differential of regional society, economy, resource and environment. Only by constituting a comprehensive institution of transference of surplus rural labors, the problems can be solved.Chapter Two analyzes many influencing factors of surplus rural labors transference, such as macro-policy, difference of regionaltransference, educational structure, transfer mode and employment, and sums up the new characteristics of rural labors transference. Based on these, this chapter analyzes the dif... |
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