Bhutto ': Moderate Of National Socialism Or Fascism?

Zulficar Ali Bhutto was a statesman and diplomat being dynamic on the politic stage of South Asia in 60s and 70s of last century. the most impressive mark that he has left in the modern history is his Bhuttoism. In the foreign and domestic academic circles, there are various comments on the Bhuttoism. There are two relatively representative views on the Bhuttoism:one holds that Bhuttoism belongs to National Socialism of the third world; the other claims that Bhuttoism is fascism of the third world. Based on the Pakistan's reality, the present paper dedicates to analyze the theory and practice of Bhuttoism from the perspective of nationalism, populism and parliamentary democracy system, in order to prove three points as follows. Firstly, Bhuttoism is a mild nationalism which does not exclude Pakistan non-Muslim nation, not an extreme nationalism. Bhutto himself was a nationalist , but the feature of his Bhuttoism is to defend the independence of his own nation and to support the liberation of other oppressed nations. Secondly, just as most scholars claim, Bhuttoism is populism, but it is the populism that mainly focuses on and addresses the domestic social and economic issues in Pakistan. Thirdly, Ali Bhutto did regard the realization of social and economic reforms as the ultimate aim, parliamentary democracy system just as the means. Bhutto himself did not abandon parliamentary democracy system and it was the military elite class, not the statesman elected by people that opposed the parliamentary democracy system in Pakistan at that time. All in all, Bhuttoism does not drift toward fascism and is a mild national socialism.