Chinese Ancient Oil Decorated With Tempera Paint Composition Analysis And Production Process

As an important part of the wooden architectural buildings, the painting and colored drawing makes Chinese ancient architecture with a high artistic value, and occupies an important position in the world's architectural history. However, due to the limitations of materials and technology, as well as the effects of environmental factors, painting and colored drawing often occurred to fade, fall off and other diseases. In order to protect the ancient architectural buildings and the painting and colored drawing better, it's necessary to find out the making techniques, and composition of the painting and colored drawing, and just in this way, it can achieve to choice the traditional techniques and materials, to minimum intervention and keep original request in the repairing work..But few systematic study of the techniques and pigments of the painting and colored drawing heritages were reported. In this paper, resin embedding method and stereomicroscope were used to analyze the cross section struction of samples from the Summer Palace and Shanxi region by studying referenced analytical techniques home and abroad. And the traditional techniques of the samples belonged to wooden architectural buildings were preliminary understood. Traditional pigments usually used in ancint architecture were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and color analysis, besides, traditional dyes were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and color analysis, which preliminary established associated spectral data information of common pigments from the ancient painting and colored drawing and was the base for analysis of the pigment samples from ancient architectures.Because of complexity of samples themseves, in addition to the traditional XRF and XRDanalysis, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive (SEM-EDX), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and other analytical tools were applied to analyse the 57 samples from 28 ancient architectures including Bogda Khan Palace Museum in Mongolia, jiayu Pass in Gansu, Summer Palace in Beijing and some ancient architectures in Shanxi. Experimental results show that plasters of the Summer Palace were typical of official practice, which technology was more sophisticated and specification, while plasters of architectures in Shanxi was typical characteristics of local customs and practices. Analytical results of pigments from four region showed that:①The red pigment was mainly hematite, red lead and cinnabar was less, and the red lead was generally used as the bases.②The early common malachite green and other pigments were not be found, and except green dyes, the other green pigments were all emerald green.③Blue pigments were all ultramarine.④White pigments were including lead white, titanium dioxide, barite and gypsum etc..⑤For the glidied technology, gold foil was found in the Summer Palace and Shanxi, while copper foil was found in jiayu Pass.⑥Organic dyes were found in each color of pigments analyzed, especially the green pigment.⑦In recent years, the phenomenon which modern dyes replaced mineral pigments became more common. It should attract attention to the relevant departments and draw up relevant industry standards. In addition, the current commercial pigments usually have more than one name, which makes confused easily.