| This thesis is a study of C.Buyannemeh's poetry and his theories on poetry.C.Buyannemeh (1902-1937), famous writer, theorist and social activitist, is one of the founders of modern literature of Mongolia. He began his writing career in 1920 and created a great deal of poetries, essays, short stories and dramas in his quite short life. With his many creative techniques he composed 150 more pieces of poems like Red Flag, Winter Scenery, the Flag of Suhbaatar Square and Our Commune etc. and 30 more essays and fictions such as Shepherd Daobudai, the Golden Fish Swimming Afar. Besides, the first Mongolia's revolutionary drama, Minister Sandu (1922) is also his work and many other dramas. He accumulated many experiences through his writing practice and wrote the first Mongolian work on the theories of literature-Introduction to literature and How to create literature Work, Literature in Modern Time, On Rules of Literature are the articles in which he sought the rules of literature and proposed much valuable view to enrich Mongolian modern literature theory.C.Buyannemeh's works have been suffering from great loss due to tempdictating and historical reasons, so the studies of his works started quite late and have focused on the theoretical works of literature. The current studies on his life and literature theory has achieved great success, but specific studies on his works are still few. Because of lack of sufficient material on his work, there are few thorough studies on his poetry work and on the intrinsic connection between his creation practice and theory study.C.Buyannemeh's works were created in a special time of Mongolia's people's revolution and construction of socialist system so the study on his works is of significant to the study on Mongolian modern literature. C.Buyannemeh accumulated experiences during his production and expressed his ideas on poetry production in his book called Introduction to Literature, but previous researches have never combined his works and his theories. Poetry and theory on poetry complement each other, so the thesis makes both his poetries and his theories on poetry as her study object to excavate their intrinsic relation.The period of C.Buyannemeh's creation (1920-1940) is the time of Mongolia's social transaction and also the time of origination of Mongolia's modern literature. So his poetry works not only inherit the tradition of Mongolian ancient poetry but also develop the Mongolian modern literature. Since poetry is the combination of content and form, the thesis studies the C.Buyannemeh's works' inheriting and developing characteristic from both perspectives of content and form. In analyzing his poetry theory, the thesis combines his theories with his works and at the same time it compares his theories with Mongolian traditional literature theories and Marxist literature theory thus evaluating his contribution to Mongolian literature theory comprehensively. In addition, the thesis sticks to Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism and adopts contrastive literary criticism, interpretation and induction to analyze his poetry theme, content, form and the intrinsic connection between his poetries and his theories on poetry.The thesis consists of 5 parts, including introduction, Chapter One: The Inheriting and developing characteristic of C.Buyannemeh's Works' Theme, Chapter Two: The Inheriting and developing Characteristic of C.Buyannemeh's Works' Form, Chapter Three: C.Buyannemeh's Theories of Poetry and Conclusion. The introduction introduces C.Buyannemeh' s life and expounds the object, methods, significance of the study and current studies on the topic. Chapter one analyzes the inheriting and developing characteristic of poetry from the theme content's perspective and classifies his poetry's theme into three parts: revolutionary Theme poetry, political and public Theme poetry and natural Theme lyrical poetry and makes concrete analyses for each of theme. Chapter two associating his poetries with Mongolian traditional mouthpiece poetry and humanistic creative poetry analyzes his inheriting and developing characteristic from different angles such as poetry form, poetry language and pictorial representation. Chapter three dividing his theories of poetry into three part, theories on poetry classification, theories on poetry structure and theories on poetry creation, examines his theories on poetry comprehensively and proposes some new ideas on some controversial opinions. The conclusion reaches the following conclusions on the basis of analyses of the main body:First of all, 1920s is the first stage of C.Buyannemeh's creation. The poems of this phase which make revolutionary theme as their topics eulogize Mongolian public revolution and leaders of the revolution and propagates Marxism-Leninism and patriotism. 1930s is the second stage of his creation. The poetries of this period concerns with various aspects which closely related to the country and people's life, expressing his devoted love for his country and its magnificent lands. He describes every details of the earth-shaking changes which brought by public revolution, embodying his confidence in the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and bright future of his socialist country. The contents and subjects of his poetry are also the contents and subjects of other writer of the same time. This is partly because of the basic rule of literature—Literature is the concentrated expression of real life. On the other side, it is due to the fact at that time, Mongolia, the Central Government consistently called for the creators of literature and literary creation to conform to the trend of the times. As a result, the ideological content of his poetry creation adheres to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party's principles and spirit, practicing to spread the idea of Marxism-Leninism:Secondly, C.Buyannemeh's poetries not only skillfully adopts Mongolian traditional poetry and printed Tibetan and Han Chinese Poetry Poems affected body, but also inherits Mongolian art forms such as dictating poetry, Chan-word eulogy, proverbs, riddles, heroic epics, folk songs, Holvoo . On expression techniques, he inherits the methods usually used in Mongolian traditional poetry such as parallelism, personification, duality, exaggeration; borrow etc to make his poetries more popular. On the usage of his language, he uses both characteristics of classical Chinese vernacular and modern Chinese vernacular, reflecting the transitivity of languages of literary works during the formation of modern Mongolian literature. When propagating revolutionary thoughts he always adopts great deal of new words and foreign vocabulary and at the same time, the old words were given new meanings. At the long history of Mongolian, Mongolians has been transmitting their literary works by way of word of mouth, which later has created a fertile artistic soil for its later literary development. The Secret History of Mongols is regarded as the threshold of the Mongolian written literature, from which generation after generation of Mongolian Literature Writer left immortal chapters in Mongolian literature history. C.buyannemeh succeeds to Mongolian great traditions of poetry; meanwhile, he enriches Mongolian poetry extensively and closely accommodates the traditional forms of poetry to the content of the modern ages, which played a good advocacy role.Thirdly, C.Buyannemeh's theories on poetry are the generalization of his creation experiences. He examines the content and form of the poetry and classifies them by different standards and conducted a thorough research on characteristics of Mongolian poetry form on the basis of his writing experience, besides, he wrote a great deal of theories on literature creation. He is not only an excellent poet; furthermore, he is also an outstanding literature tutor who is nurturing a new generation of literature. He advocates that literature should use the language of art to vividly depict the reality of society. This coincides with the basic principles of the Marxist literary theory that literature is the true reflection objective world. These facts show that Marxism has influence on not only the worldview and values of C.Buyannemeh but also on his theories on literature. |
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