| "Weizhiweichen", also called "Cemingweizhi", "Chuanzhiweichen", "Cuozhiweichen", "Zhizhiweichen"is common In the pre-qin literature. From ancient to present , there are various understanding of "Weizhiweichen" , the understanding of experts has certain difference . People in morden times in the foundation of the study of people from ancient times, have carried on the thorough analysis of "Weizhi", thought "Weizhi" is a kind of politics etiquette related to the subordinate relations of the rulers and the courtiers. In the foundation of the predecessor, this article chiefly studies the historical phenomenon of "Weizhi" . This article from the analysis of the evolution of the subordinate relations of the rulers and the courtiers in the Zhou Dynasty, namely the Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period , with the developmental and variational viewpoint, regards the change of the relationship of the rulers and the courtiers. This article unifies various understanding of the meaning of "Weizhi", takes the advantage of the understanding of various manager , dialectically and critically utilizes various viewpoint ,puts it in the process of the subordinate relations of the rulers and the courtiers to sudy , in order to understands the essence and the historical situation as well as the historical function of "Weizhi" even more thoroughly.This article divides into four major parts.The first part, it analyzes the meaning and the content of "Weizhi" , points out that "Weizhi" appears in the Spring and Autumn Period time which patriarfeudual relations start to relaxe , the social relations starts to combine. The system of "Weizhi" playes a very important role in the situation of arranging individual who is separated from from the patriarfeudual rank into the new social order . the courtiers pay oneself to the rulers through certain ceremony and express their loyalty to the rulers through the treaty of alliance . After doing this , the courtiers must serve the rulers and have the loyalty to the rulers all their lifes .Through the system of "Weizhi" , the individual and personal subordination establishes between the rulers and the . In this situation , the establishment and relief of the relationship of the rulers and the courtiers get rid of the shackles of clan and the nepotistic system of power of the imperial clan .The second part, it analyzes the way of the establishment and consolidation of the relationship of the rulers and the courtiers in the Western Zhou Dynasty . Because of the execution of the nepotistic system of power of the imperial clan and "fenfengzhi" , the rulers and the courtiers have the natural subordinate relations . They establish the subordinate relations through "Fenfengceming" . Basically "Weizhiweichen" doesn't exist in the Western Zhou Dynasty . In the Spring and Autumn Period the patriarfeudual relations start to relaxe , the natural subordination relations between the rulers and the courtiers becomes less crowded ande disintegrates. In this period , "the pledge" and "the oath" unifies . The rulers and the courtiers establish the subordinate relations through "the treaty of alliance" . The phenomenon of "Weizhiweichen" only appears at that time in great numers . In this part we also studis the differences in "the pledge" and "the oath" in the Western Zhou Dynasty , "the treaty of alliance" in the Spring and Autumn Period and "Weizhiweichen" . There is difference bettwen "the pledge" and "the oath" in the Western Zhou Dynasty . Zhou Wang controls "the pledge" and "the oath" , has the absolute authority . This kind of authority has relation to the execution of the nepotistic system of power of the imperial clan and "fenfengzhi" in the Western Zhou Dynasty . In the Western Zhou Dynasty the patriarfeudual relations controls the relationship of the rulers and the courtiers .The third part , it analyzes the relations of the rulers and the courtiers in the Warring States Period and the changes of "Weizhiweichen" in the Warring States Period . In the Warring States Period the rulers only pay close attention to the ability of the courtiers and the courtiers bent solely on profit. They take the benefit as the guidance . The way of "Weizhiweichen" no longer is suitable for the new historical time . Although there still esist "Weizhiweichen", its content and essence have changed.The fourth part , the conclusion , it analyzes the historical function of "Weizhiweichen" slightly . In the condition that the patriarfeudual relations starts to relaxe and in the the intense political struggle , on the one hand ,"Weizhiweichen" indicates the disintegration of the original patriarfeudual relations the rulers and the courtiers ; on the other hand, under the historical condition of that time it establishes one kind of stabler subordinate relations of the rulers and the courtiers . |
