Development Of Commodity Economy In The Qing Dynasty In Henan Regional Differences

Commodity economy is the product of which human history develops in certain extent. Its appearance has not only met people's life need, but has enhanced the national tax revenue. We want to build socialism, we must vigorously develop the market economy, the study of historical commodity economy will help us better build socialist market economy. Academic research of commodity economy in history is thriving, but for Henan province's commodity economy is not very hot. The only existing articles mainly concentrated in the inspection of market towns (such as: market's developmental history, market days, market's spatial distribution, and the relationship between traffic and market towns, etc.). The author thinks we also can examine the relationship between commodity trade and geographical basis through the contents of regional commodity trade. This article has taken Henan Province's regional broker tax amount of Qing Dynasty as a breakthrough point, expected to discuss the relationship between market development and geographical foundation through studies commodity economy of different zones of Henan Province. Therefore, the author glanced through the massive local chronicle material and the literature material, investigated on the spot the only saved Henan Shan-Shaan clubhouse's stele carving material. In the research, paid great attention to unify history, geography, economy and many kinds of disciplines and conducted a synthetic study, hoped that can make a reasonable explanation regarding "Henan regional differences in economic development during Qing Dynasty".This paper is divided into six chapters, four parts. The first chapter is the first part. In this section, the author determines the object of study, analyses the present situation of study, makes sure the research content and the significance, and seek mentality and the breakthrough point to solve the question, according to the material characteristic. Chapter two is the second part. The author inspects middleman broker history, and carries on the research to "five miscellaneous taxes" of Qing Dynasty in Henan Province, takes the Henan's broker tax amount as the breakthrough point of Qing Dynasty, analyzes the developmental difference of Henan region market in Qing Dynasty, carries on the reason analysis to the high tax amount of partial states and counties. The third part, including the third, fourth, fifth chapters, the author respectively analyses regional development of the northern district, the Eastern district, the southern district, the western district of Henan province. Taking regional business centers or commercial collection and distribution centers as the object of study, the author researches developmental content of commodity economy each region, as well as the relation between that and geographical foundation. Chapter six is the fourth part. The paper compares the differences of regional commodity economy, explores historical and geographical reasons, then, makes conclusion of the full text.Through research, the paper has reaches the following conclusions.The Henan commodity economy development is not balanced in Qing Dynasty. Qianlong the time is a peak of Henan commodity economy development, after passing through the Xianfeng-Tongzhi upheaval, commodity economy has the restoration in Guangxu-Xuantong the time.Henan each district's commodity economy development is not balanced in Qing Dynasty. Taking Guangxu the time's broker miscellaneous tax amount as the example, eastern and northern areas developed quicker than southern western areas.Henan various regions' commodity economy development has the very strong regional characteristic in Qing Dynasty. In the Henan various regional markets, local characteristic products, Nanyang' s silk fabric, Qixian' s fruit, Guide' s liquor, Qinghua' s bamboo wares, and so on, entered the markets and became the commodity. Even if the wide range of " mountain products", different regional mountain products quite focused. Besides local products, the peripheral provinces and cities' products also had regional characteristic. Henan Province had six neighboring provinces. During long-term business relation, they have formed certain trade practices, such as, northwestern Henan and southeastern Shanxi are known for the tradition of "coal iron trade rice flour", Zhoukou's tea comes from Liu'an, Anhui. Long-term business relation not only has formed the cross- region economic zones, has also formed the similar living customs and the belief.Henan commodity economy depends on the development of advantage of traffic in Qing Dynasty. The Henan four big famous towns rely on the transportation trade to emerge, except the collection and distribution local agricultural and subsidiary products, transports the bulk cargoes more importantly. The Affects to the commercialization advancement of local agricultural product and the handicrafts is not in a big way. After the transportation superiority is lost, original commercial strategic towns decline in abundance. Commodity economy development needs to unify the local actual situation together.