On Bold

"Haofang"("bold and unconstrained") belongs to aesthetic category with unique connotation and the national characters in the Chinese traditional culture and esthetics, reflecting one kind of positive vigorous aesthetic consciousness and holding an important position in humanities and the field of the literary arts of the Chinese ancient times.From ancient times till now, the research on it are generally confined to the domain of"Ci"poem, but few researchers have conducted study into its development of the earlier period and deep intrinsic connotation and implication. From the prospective of category researching, this thesis attempts to systematically and comprehensively probe its connotation, characteristics, its evolution history, its history cultural base and the esthetic implication and so on. This thesis falls into five parts:The"introduction"has illustrated the research, situations, the existing questions and established the logical beginning in terms of category researching of"Haofang", namely the relations of"absorption"and"release".The second part has mainly discussed the meaning boundry and connotation of"Haofang", its production and characters, its differentiation from the correlated categories. In terms of its meaning boundry,"Haofang"has both the broad sense and the narrow sense, and embodies a narrow sense as an aesthetic category. The broad sense of"Haofang"is the representation of sublime. As an aesthetic category,"Haofang"has the meaning of intrinsic spiritual level, which has the embodiment of the people's revolt and surmounting to the decayed etiquette system, the meaning of artistic expression level which has the embodiment of the people's surmounting to outdated rules and relative truths, the meaning of the style level which has the embodiment of surmounting of"Haofang"to"graceful and restrained"and"cocinnity"."Haofang"is formed by"Hao"and"Fang"according to the aesthetic rule of"Zhonghe",and this result had been caused by two facters of aesthetic rules and the Chinese traditional cultural spirit. The accumulation of peole's intrinsic"Qi"which is caused by their ambition and ideal is the subjective reason to produce"Haofang",and the objective reasons are mainly the region, the society, the time, the mood and other material factors——liquors is involved in particular. The differences between"Haofang"and the beauty of"Zhonghe"mainly focus on that"Haofang"is one kind of the latter. The differences between"Haofang"and"gallant beauty"especially lies in that"Haofang"is one kind of beauty with the most subjective spirit."The differences between"Haofang"and"sublime"mainly are that"Haof ang"cound be displayed directly in the external form when"sublime"only could be felt in the hearts of the human beings.The third part has mainly illustrated the formation and evolution of"Haofang"."Haofang"germinates in the period of pre-"Qin"dynasty, laying a foundation of Chinese traditional culture. It is the outcome of the social etiquette system strengthened and decayed gradually, which constrains the nature of human being."Fang"is developed firstly and embodied in the thoughts of"Lao-Zhuang"philosophy, and then the development of"Hao"is influenced by the Confucianism——especially its thoughts and spirit of social ideal and positively facing social existence and living."Haofang"developed gradually in the"Wei"and"Jin"dynasties, in which times people's self-awareness awakened initially. It obtained an obvious development and embodiment in the literary arts in the"Tang"dynasty through the fermentation of the"Southern and Northern"dynasties and"Sui"dynasty. In"Song"dynasty,"Haofang"developed into an aesthetics category which especially embodied in"Ci"as a literature style and gradually matured, but it did not ever hold the orthodox school position in human's aesthetic consciousness and was often repelled by the legitimate aesthetic consciousness.In the"Yuan"dynasty, the literary works of"Qu"with aesthetic characteristics of"Haofang"takes up the mainstream status."Qu"itself, as one literary form, has an aesthetic characteristics of"Haofang". With the decline of poetry, which mostly embodies the subjective expression of their emotions directly at the end of feudal age,"Haofang"declines partly because of the bloom of drama and novel. Additionally, its decline results from the more and more conservative thoughts as well as the lack of the creative spirit in the Chinese feudal society's evening.The fourth part has mainly elaborated the bases of society, history, and culture and the inner aesthetic meanings of"Haofang". The bases of three aspects of society, history, and culture, the dialectic of philosophy and the poetics are involved in the bases of society, history and culture. The base of the society, history, and culture means the pattern and structure of Chinese tranditional culture and ideology. The base of the dialectic of philosophy means the departure and distortion of the aesthetic consciousness to the beauty of"Zhonghe"at the night of Chinese feudal society. The base of the poetics is concerned about the oppression and repulsion to"Haofang"in the traditional poetics whose ideal and characteristics are the beauty of"Wenroudunhou"under the aesthetic consciousness whose features incline to limpness, negativity and static. The inner aesthetic meanings of"Haofang"consists of mainly four aspects: the life state with a dialectic of flexibility, the fundamental structure of personality of the simplicity, homeliness and inherent qualitiy, the soul world of self-confidence, fervency and affectionateness, the life state of lingering between poems and alcohol, and the showing off a different interest with musical instruments and sword.The"conclusion"mainly discusses the modern significance of"Haofang":"Haofang"has an inherent necessary relation with the Chinese people's esthetic rebuilding of the total direction and the renaissance of culture in the new stage and period, and its effect will not be replacable. Its spiritual kernel is a spiritual base of the renaissance of China. It is also the foundation of critically inheriting the Chinese traditional culture and the precondition of creating a new Chinese literary arts in the new stage and period. It has a very important significance to people's development, making them reach a higher and perfect state.