Ming Loyalists Group Mentality Evolution And Enlightenment Ideas Generated

The group of adherents of the Ming dynasty which came into being in the early Qing Dynasty was a special scholar community. From 1644 to 1695 approximately 50 years, the psychological state of the group was made continual readjustment coupled with current political situation changed. At the beginning of the shunzhi period ,because of the perdition of the Ming dynasty and the barbaric nationality policy of the Qing government, those adherents expressed strong indignation against the Qing dynasty. Almost all of them lifted the flag of " Opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty" .At the end of shunzhi period, the rule of the Qing Dynasty was consolidated day by day, the adherents of the Ming dynasty lost their dreams of "Opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty" .So under the material and spiritual dual pressure, they became hesitant about how to meet the Qing government . By the kangxi period, especially after 1678, those adherents gave up their defences and hatred, and converted their attitudes to the Qing court.The rapid perdition of the Ming dynasty and the barbaric policy of the Qing government urged the first-class scholars to start to awaken. In the process of reconsidering and criticizing, they jumped out the concept that "Chinese is superior to foreigner ",and transcended the limitations of one dynasty or one emperor. At last ,they started to criticize the entire feudal absolute monarchy system. In this situation the enlightening thoughts was born.