"sentences With Significance

In 1940's, Wang Li pointed out that there is semantic coloring expressing misfortune in "bei"(被)-sentences ( in this paper we call "semantic coloring" as "pragmatic-meaning").More than 60 years, some scholars have been studying some issues about the pragmatic-meaning of such sentences too. After looking back the other people's studies, we will give out our opinion about some issues based on our study about 30 books. These issues include the pragmatic-meaning of such sentences and all elements which affect the sentence's pragmatic-meaning. These elements include syntactic-elements and context-elements. Meantime, we also discuss three pragmatic-meanings' developing-history and every kind of element which affects their development and the matter that every pragmatic-meaning is used in various Chinese text styles.There are six chapters in this paper in all. The first chapter is an introduction and retrospect. The sixth chapter is a summary. From the second chapter to the fifth chapter are main parts of this paper.We discuss every element which affects the pragmatic-meaning of "bei"(被)-sentences in second chapter. We think, there are syntactic- elements (such as Verb, the patient-Subject, the Object of "bei", Adverbial, Attributive, Complement and other parts.) and context-elements. We should analyze one sentence according to itself situation. Sometimes the element(s) that affect(s) its pragmatic-meaning is just one syntactic-element, sometimes are some syntactic-elements or are both some syntactic-elements and some context-elements.The author discusses three pragmatic-meanings developing-history in the third chapter. We believe the unlucky meaning has been holding the edge from it was born, while the lucky meaning and the neutral meaning are becoming stronger in their developing process, especially in modern Chinese.In this chapter, we also give the reason why these pragmatic-meanings form such pattern that we can see today. After all, I think, the reason is the semantic characteristic that the sentence with Chinese character "bei" should express.The main elements which affect the development of sentence with Chinese character "bei" will be studied in the fourth chapter. Totally, there are two kinds of elements: internal elements and external elements. The internal elements include such sentences' development and spread, they instead of sentences with the Chinese character "jian" or "wei" and the needs in pragmatics or rhetoric. While the external elements are composed by the assimilation of English, the improvement of educational level of our whole nation and the popularization of standard Chinese.Finally, We investigate and comparative analysis in depth the matter that sentences with Chinese character "bei" were used in history and are used in texts of different styles. According to the corpus of each period, the sentences with Chinese character "bei" were not used widely in "Warring State period "(B.C475-221). Through developing in Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, its quantity became more and more in "Six Dynasties". After developing in following dynasties, sentences with Chinese character "bei" occupied the edge by defeating the other passive sentences. As we said in the third chapter, the lucky meaning and the neutral meaning are spreading in their developing process.On style, sentences with Chinese character "bei" also produced an obvious change. They have been coming into formal written language from colloquialism. They are mainly used in formal written language in modern Chinese.All in all, based on rigorous statistical analysis, this paper aims to demonstrate the situation that sentences with Chinese character "bei" are judged and used in every period, especially in modern. Besides, based this description, we also try to discuss, analysis and explain the elements which affect such sentences' judging and developing. Finally, I hope my discussion could lead more people to study this problem and make out more excellent papers.