The Study, Based On The Annotated Corpus Of Sentences Semantic Composition

In the base of the large-scale tagged corpus ,this paper studies the characteristics of various semantic components and corresponding relations between semantic components and syntactic components. In order to solve some questions in the former researches semantic components, we attempt to construct a system of semantic components and investigate the corresponding relations between semantic components and syntactic components, using the method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The semantic components are divided into three kinds: subject semantic components, object semantic components and scene semantic components. The paper describes the characteristics of the semantic components in detail in respect of definition, traits, classification and co-occurent predicates′features ,and summarizes the syntactic frames in which the semantic components appear .It focuses on the verb-centred language fact in which the subject components co-occur with the object components. First, the verbs which appear in the language corpus are divided into two main kinds (independent verb and non-independent verb) with 16 sub-ones main. by observing the collocation between the subject and object components and the verb, we analyse the semantic frame in which the subject and the object appear, and thus form 36 kinds of semantic structural formulas.The 36 kinds of the semantic structural formulas be described from two angles:(1) according to the number of which the subject and the object appear, the paper divides the present type into three kinds: a pair one, a pair two, a pair three; (2) according to the diffenent correspondance between the syntactic structural formula and each semantic structural formula, 36 kinds of s the semantic structural formulas are divided into four kinds: I: S ' +P+O ', contains 14 kinds of semantic structural formulas; II: S ' +D ' +P, contains 10 kinds of the semantic structural formulas; III: S ' +D ' +P+O ', contains 11 kinds of the semantic structural formulas; IV: S ' +D ' +P+C ', only includes one kind of semantic structural formulas. Comparing the four kinds of syntactic structures and 36 kinds of semantic structural formulas, we discover that the distribution which the subject and object cooccurence has three major characteristics: Polymerization, complementarity and alternation. From I to IV, changes of the syntactic structures and the semantic structures are all complex.Moreover,the changes of syntactic structural formulas lead to the changes of the semantic structural formulas directly. Therefore, we conclude that the constituent order (contains syntactic constituent order, semantic constituent order and pragmatic constituent order) is the important method with which syntactic position of the semantic component varies.It mainly displays in: (1) The changes between the syntactic constituent order and the semantic constituent order are synchronous, that is to say,the semantic constituent order changes as the syntactic constituent order changes; (2) The changes between the syntactic constituent order and the semantic constituent order are not synchronous .The syntax constituent order is invariable, while the semantic constituent order changes instead. The preposition plays an important role in the non–synchronous change between the syntactic constituent order and the semantic constituent order. one of the important functions of the preposition is "the role assignment".Different preposition can draw out the different semantic components. The functions of the constituent order and the preposition lie in the diversification of the semantic component′s syntactic position, but each semantic component always has a main syntactic position. In terms of thetheroy of projection ,the results prove that the main syntactic position of the subject component is the subject; The main syntactic position of the object component is usually an object; The main syntactic position of the scene component is usually an adverbial. The correspongding betwee the semantic component and the syntactic component is not one kind of simple corresponding relations ,but one kind of in-depth corresponding relations .Both the semantic component and the syntactic component have the relations with the predicate verb. the identical component has the different names in the different fields, but the relations between the component and the verb are in-depth and relatively-steady.When the semantic component mapping for the syntactic component,a serious premise that the important status of the verb and the in-depth relations between the various component and the predicate verb is invariable.