British Middle Ages "free Magna Carta Study

The Great Charter of Liberties born in 1215, is the developing production of constitutional democracy of England. The barons' council is its democratic basis. Before the Norman Conquest, the council of baron was addressed in the Witenagemot, which has greater authority over the significant problems such as taxation, legislation and throne election. It places strong restrictions on kingship. After the Norman Conquest, the great council substituted for the Witenagemot. Because the traditional rights of barons were continuously infringed by kingship, barons fought for their rights on the great council. It reached the peak during the reign of John King, and finally arose armed confrontation between lay barons and John king, By the conciliation of spiritual barons, John King accepted and issued the Great Charter of Liberties on the great council.The idea of natural rights and the theory of kingship are the theoretical basis of the Great Charter of Liberties. The idea of natural rights came into being in the 12th century, its sign is the Latin phrase ius naturale which has the implication of natural rights, that is say, the language of natural rights came into being. The idea of natural rights is penetrated into the full text of the Great Charter of Liberties, passing the archbishop of Canterbury Langton whom knows it well so that the Great Charter of Liberties is produced an advanced document to guarding the natural right of nation. In the Western Europe of the 12th century, the theory of kingship chiefly consists of "the theory of twin swords" and "the doctrine of sun and moon", such substance is that religious authority is higher than kingship, king ought to obey Pope. Under its impact, Pope Innocent III prevailed over John King, John King was forced to declare as a vassal paying tribute. More significant, it smoothed out the way of writing the Great Charter of Liberties for Langton by causing him to arrive in England to take office as the archbishop of Canterbury.The Great Charter of Liberties as the developing production of constitutional...