Tang Dynasty Youzhou Town Study

After the Rebellions of Anlu-shan and Shi si-ming ,the united situation was broken up and separatism of the Tang Warlords came into being. In addition to the characteristic of feudal separatist rule at large, there was something unique about Youzhou prefecture. In this paper, I have made a comparatively deep research on it.The paper was divided into four parts.First, the surrey of the Youzhou prefecture. At the beginning ,the paper gave a brief introduction of Youzhou's founding and relationships of peace and war between the government and neighbour prefectures. Next, the paper introduced the general situation of the states in the Youzhou. With a vast territory the states were on various developing levels. On the whole, Youzhou was far more backward than Chengde and Weibo prefecture(the other two separatest prefectures in the Hebei Region).The above factors exerted a tremendous influence on the structure , the pattern of land reclaimation and the characteristic of separatist rule.Second, the dual system of Youzhou prefecture. In this part, I introduced its meaning ,founding, the formation and exchanging of the officials and its evolving. As a compound prefecture, the governor of Youzhou usually held a concurvent post of Lulong prefecture. But there were two sets of staffs. I think the concept of Lulong comprised both broad and narrow sense in the document of Tang Dynasty. Lulong mentioned in the dual system was the narrow one . Compared with the simple-shape prefecture, the staffs in the Youzhou showed something unique: mobility, one man with two posts and the containing in the area . Though it appeared to be dual in the form, it intended to be centralized in fact.Third, the reclaimation of wasteland in Youzhou. The large scale reclaimation was an important characteristic of Youzhou in the use of land. The part inquired into its subiective and objective factors, distribution, arrangement and effect etc. The reclaimation was widely dispersed all over the states. After the Rebellions of Anlu-shan and Shisi-ming, it was more developing in both scale and quantity than in the era of KaiYuan and TianBao(AD713~755). On the whole, the reclaimation by the armies was its main body from the beginning to end. Tt was divided into three levels in the administration :governor(营田使),general(营田将) and Tunguan(屯官).To be true, the reclaimation was well organized and achieved remarkable success. The income from the reclaimation played an important role. It became another income resource besides taxes.Fourth, the characteristics of separatist rule. We can find that Youzhou prefecture was flooded with frequent rebellions. The situation was turbulent over a long period of time. At the same time, the governor changed frequently. The other characteristic was that more governors were loyal to the government. The part approached its reasons and the effects of the characteristics . I think it was the tough genera mood in the Youyan area, the measures taken by the government, the generals's greed for power and political sysytem that caused the rebellions to occur frequently. Frequent rebellions made the occupation of the governors short and weakened Youzhou's powers seriously. It was an important negative factor to restrict the development of Youzhou. Frequent rebellions and isolated position forced Youzhou's governor to be loyal to the government. Comparatively speaking, the so-called summisive was periodical and timely. On the certern situation , it could transformed into domineering even rebellion. Though no alternative, it was factual and sensible.To be directly perceived through the sense, there were six forms on the end of the paper.