| Among the Chinese students studied in Japan in late Qing Dynasty, there are 600 from Shandong Province, who received new knowledge both in culture and in thoughts. The majority of them devoted themselves to domestic politics as so on as they came back to China. They were such an important strength that they had played a rather crucial role in the changes in politics of Shandong. Though the historiography circle both at home and abroad had acquired fruitful achievements on the massive going abroad tide, especially some provinces, the subjiect of those returned students from Shandong Province and what's has happened to modern politics in Shandong has never been touched before. That is in fact, of significant importance. In the reaching half century, they had been leaders and participants of the politics of Shandong Province, thus forcefully propelling political modernization. Through this research we can understand the dialectical re-lationship between human modernization and political development in undevelo-ped countries,which can become stronger with the help of returned students, and their great historical role in transition from the old system to the new one. We also can better steer modern situation in politics of Shandong Province and get some revelation for opening and reforming, studying abroad educations as well as political restructuring.Based on the materialist conception of history and some relative achievements in research, this article deeply explores the students in Shandong Province studying abroad in late Qing Dynasty and What has happened to modem politics in Shandong. It is intended to describe the track of the goingabroad tide the number of those studying in Japan, the cause in time order with the emphasis on their role in political arena in Shandong during constitutionism movement, the Revolution of 1911, as well as the revolutionary period of people.Toward the end of Qing Dinasty, national crisis was deterioratingdaily.Japan-ese enormous victories from the Sino-Japanese War(l 894-1895)and and Russia-Japanese War teach Chinese People a good lesson that we Chinese People must and have to regard Japanese as our teacher and reform so that we can get stronger. A large number of Chinese students went abroad and studied in Japan. In regard to the favorable location, " new policy", the traditional Confucianism as well as the propaganda of those who have already studied in Japan, as many as 600 students are supported by the local government to study in Japan between 1901 and 1911, thus making Shandong Province the second largest province in the north for sending students to Japan besides Hebei Province. Due to such reasons as politics, economy, culture, how civilized the society was, students from Shandong Province possess some special advantages. Generally speaking, they studied mainly in the east and the south rather than in the west and the north. They also mainly studied in some schools. The subjects they studied were various but they chiefly took those designed for teacher, lawyer, politician, military personal, industrialist. Their ages range from 20to 30. More than half of them are supported by the government. Their grades are above the average national level. Male outnumbered female. Many of them have been greatly acomplished and famous. These advantages, in reverse, Influnce the political reform and changes in society in Shandong Province.Since most of them joined in Japanese politics, they have a command of knowledge of politics and law, and when they came back they became politicians in Shandong. In the campaign of building up constitution, they were the main force. But because of the few members of them, they couldn' t control everything. Under the situation of resisting against Qing dynasty, they published newspapers, built up schools and set up revolution constructions in order to make a preparation for Xinhai Revolution in Shandong province. After Wuchang uprising, the revolution school combined with constitution school with the force of army and the masses in Jinan i... |
