Yuan Dynasty Wine Vulgar, Wine And The Cupbearer

People in Yuan dynasty liked drinking very much, ranging from royalty to civilian, there were broadly social masses with drinking wine. Howere, there was a considerable difference in the customs about drinking and using wine among all of social classes because of the complicacy of race and classical relations.Wine which was drunk and used was luxury for royalty ,and it was elegant for literator and scholar_bureaucrat, naivete for civilian, and wild for monkery. As a result, it showed the diversity and compatibility of social culture in Yuan dynasty.As the necessity for daily life in Yuan dynasty, the production and marketing of wine was an importent part of the activities of social economy. In order to tout customers and thrive in business, all of hotels and inns introduced a varity of managemant methods, apart from usually trade with money and substance, owing and loaning, its also invented wine board substitute for bill, put up posters and serviced by trulls, and so on.As a result of the boom of wine culture, wine industry in Yuan dynasty made strides in technique, variety, quantity and quality. At the same time, wine industry formed several regional charactrastics: The Middle Plain and the South produced wine with cereals; The western regions and The Middle Asia with grape; the north Grassland with horse milk. On the other hand, the production and expenditure of wine took on distinct imbalance due to the differences of regions and resources. Dadu(Big Capital), the center of country' s politic and culture, ranked the first at the production and expenditure of wine; the Jiangzhe province, a center of country' s economy, lied in an advantaged geographic situation, which wine revenues were much more than those of others'. While the poor position and climate in guansu and Liaoyang provinces led to the poor wine industry.For some negative social problems caused by drinking, added to natural disasters which brought poor harvest in agriculture, the Yuan government had to impose the Ban of wine totally more than 70 times which was the most in history. The Ban included the prohibition of production, drinking and marketing, which featured by the relieved-disaster, region, privilege and temporary.The implment of Ban of wine brought great impact on people's daily life and government' s revenues, so it was reasonable that the Ban could not be put into practice effectively again and 'again which manifested the social turbulance and populance of disasters in Yuan dynasty.The revenues of wine taxation played an important role in the government' s finance. In the middle of Yuan dynasty, wine taxation exceeding the taxation from tea and trade, but less than salt taxation, ranked the second. The wine taxation was used to provide for relieved-disaster, for military construction and for reward, and so forth, which highly influenced the national economy and the people' s livelihood.