Human Nature Alienation Love

Among the contemporary western thinkers, Erich Fromm, called humanitarian social philosopher, was well known for his humanitarianism. One of the bright features of his humanitarian theory is that he tried to colligate Freudianism and Marxism, which differ greatly from each other. Also, he joined psychoanalysis of depth psychology and social animadvert, on the basis of which established an integrate humanitarian theoretical system. With this system, Fromm disclosed the contradiction and crisis of capitalism, criticized the abuse of modern capitalist society, namely, he took humanitarianism as an effective means to solve the social problems in modern capitalist society. Fromm's humanitarian theory has a far-ranging and profound influence in western society as well as across the world.In recent years, study on Fromm's humanitarian theory has been conducted in China's academic field, and some research fruits have been harvested. However, some shortcomings still remain on the study of Fromm's humanitarian thoughts. These shortcomings mainly lie in that systematic study lacks on the key questions of his humanitarianism and on the internal relations between these questions. Therefore, as far as these facts are concerned, this article, on the basis of original works by Fromm, mainly reviews and discusses three questions on Fromm's humanitarian theory, which are Fromm's theory on human nature, his theory on dissimilation and his "love" theory.According to this article's opinion, his human nature theory is the base and starting point of his humanitarianism, his dissimilation theory is the deepenness and outspread of his human nature theory, which is the score of his humanitarianism, and his love theory is the crest and end-result of his humanitarianism. This article consists of three parts:The first part mainly reviews Fromm's human nature theory. According to this article, Fromm's angle to probe into human nature is particular, that is to say, he reviewed human nature on the basis of study of human "existential dichotomy",holding that human nature lies in his connatural existential contradictions. Then, this article detailedly reviews and analyzes Fromm's opinions on human "existential dichotomy", opinions on the making and kind of human needs and opinions on human "social character" and its functions. This article also evaluates these opinions by indicating their reasonable factors and narrating their differences from Marxism.The second part mostly sees about Fromm's dissimilation theory. This article first reviews and shows how Fromm "explained" and distorted Marx's theory on dissimilation. Then , contrary to some false opinions on Fromm's dissimilation theory, this article holds that although Fromm distorted Marx's dissimilation theory, compared with other Freudian Marxists, Fromm had more valuable opinions. This mainly lies in that on the basis of his human nature theory, he deeply disclosed and criticized dissimilation phenomena in capitalist society. Meanwhile, this article indicates Fromm's limitations in analyzing and critisizing capitalist dissimilation.The third part mainly reviews and discusses Fromm's love theory. Against the academic tendency to ignore Fromm's love theory, this article holds that his love theory is the score and end-result of his humanitarianism. He looks on "love" as an effective medicine to dispel human dissimilation and to cure capitalist morbidity. Thus, to master Fromm's humanitarian ethnics, one must study his love theory. According to this opinion, this article separately reviews and analyses some questions raised by Fromm on the origin, essence and factors of love, and the relations between self-love and love for others, between self-love and selfishness. On one hand, this article affirms the reasonable factors in Fromm's love theory, analyses its value of reference; On the other hand, this article indicates Fromm's theory's negative meanings and its abstractness.