He Qifang Theory

He Qifang was a famous poet,prose writer and lieterature critic of the modern present age of the literature history.He assiduously and consistently seek in the literature roat,forming his own special artistic style.In the 1930s ,when the proletarian literature was in its turbulence.He Qifang stepped upon the forum with his Prophecy and Collection of Drawings and Dreams, and meanwhile, brought a great astonishment to the literary circle by spreading his "sheer serenity and pure beauty".In the first half of the 20th century, China was like the changeable clouds in the sky. The political reform appeared frequently, and the society was turbulent.In 1938, He Qifang, who was awakened by Chinese reality, marched to the divine place of revolution-Yan'an. There he felt "the free air, the broad air, and the vivid air". He couldn't help singing aloud to the entirely new life. In 1942, the Rectification Movement of literary and artistic circle in Yan'an made great effect on many intellectuals' lives like that of He Qifang.He Qifang couldn't write the beautiful poems like The Predication after Yan'an Rectification Movement.Liu Zaifu and some other people called the phenomenon of "progressive thought, retrogressive creation"-"the phenomenon of He Qifang". This phenomenon was generally reflected in the works of Chinese modern age and present age writers. To analyze "the phenomenon of He Qifang" deeply is meaningful and important to analyze the fate of the intellectuals of that times.The social reform of China in the 20th century, has put the intellects in the process of continous adjusting their social positions either consciously or unconsciously. When the theme of history turned from the enlightment to the political revolution, the intellects who were the enlighters would surely exchange their social roles with the enlightened-the masses.In the book of Speech, Chairman Mao emphasized that the intellectuals could getwith the new standard of culture on the condition that they betray the education, transform the thoughts among the people, and cast off their old selves. He Qifang revised his role under this kind of background. He accepted the spirits of the book Speech without any condition and began to reconstructed piously. He tried his best to adjust his role. He Qifang is regarded to be the typical case of the transforming intellectual.In 1930s, he was an complete individualist. After the broke-out of the Anti-Japanese War, he became an enlightener during the process of establishing work-the publication unlimited to propagating anti-war.After the Rectification Movement, he indulged himself in the general activities gradually, and finished the process of character-convertion.This role's adjustment and change, the mind's transformation, both influenced He Qifang's literary concepts and creation, and in no doubt brought along his change in art. He accepted Mao Zedong's theory of literature and art, and gradually transformed into a person holding to class viewpoint from a person holding to aestheticm in art. In practise, he stuck to such a standard as "political criterion first, artistic criterion second", so the pragmatic rationality of political utilitarianism finally occupied a superior position in his literary criticism theory, and achieved the change of the rationality. With the change of the role and rationality, his point of view towards literature also began to curry favor with politics.However. in a deeper part, from his enthusiasm with his literary creation in his early days, we could still found his persistence in and respect for the law of literature and art in his literary theory. The conflict between this respect and his currying flavor with politics, made us clearly see his dualism in his attitudes towards literature, as well as the inner contraditions of his pains in his character world. His dualism along with the contraditions in character; appeared in the criticism of literature appeared in the prusuit of harmoney between the ideological content ,and artistic beauty towards literary works;a...