Paradox (paradox) And Irony (irony)

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first long-term novel in Chinese-chapter style. Its unique literature style which dictated the romance according to the history achieved a lot in art. The success in art lies in not only the artistic creation resulting from the author's conscious displacement in value, but the displacement of various value factor presented in the author's unconsciousness. Such kind of displacement, on the one hand, is the author's conscious construction with rich imagination, on the other, is the profound contradiction and crack implicated in The Romance of The Three Kingdoms resulting from the discord between social politics, ideal moral and historical philosophy. So when the historical events and characters were dealt with, the wavering of the value-judge on such Characters and events dictated. As a result, his heroes are often in a paradox so as to obtain an ironic effect. At the same time, a book with rich content is not only a kind of literature phenomenon, but also a kind of culture phenomenon. Thus, we can study the book of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms from a pure-literature view, as well as from the cultural perspective. The present dissertation aims to interpret the great book using the New Criticism theory originated from Britain and US and from the angle of the Human Sciences of Culture, moreover, integrated the Great-literature view with it. The practice proves that the ultimate state of interpreting Chinese literature works using western literature theory lies in between obeying the law and disobeying the law. The present author doesn't want to overestimate the author and the works, but what can be questioned is whether all these were done under Luo Guanzhong, the author's conscious control. Thus, the purpose of the present thesis is to trace back the integrating process of cultural consciousness, to find its significance, as well, to dialogue with the cultural criticism made by theauthor.I. Indistinct picture of humanistic spiritsIn the book of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, we can perceive the most valuable Spirits in Chinese culture-humanistic Spirits. It penetrated in different levels, such as the portrait of talent-view, hero-history view and so on, including in the effort to reconstruct the characters' images in history. However, the long-termed process of writing the book, the complexity of material's origin etc, caused the deviation, to some extent between author's writing intention and the actual effect. As a result, the humanistic spirits appears to be indistinct.1. Paradox and irony of talent-view and hero-history view.The book of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms proposes that talents are the essential part of a Kingdom, and it regards whether the talents are fully used as an import criterion to evaluate the Kings. It advocates the key part the generals and counsels play, that is, the hero-making-history view. One of the negative influence is common soldiers' role is neglected, another is the lack of humanistic spirits, which results in the paradox and irony.2. Paradox and irony of mass-foundation idea.The book of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms propagandas that mass feeling is the foundation of a nation. Such idea is embodies in two sides: one is to extol the benevolent government and to advocate cherishing the mass; another is to describe the reflection and attitudes by the mass to characters and events. The discord and contradiction between the hero-making-history view and the mass-foundation idea constitutes the paradox and irony.3. Paradox and irony of woman-view.The book of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms reflects the man-predominant idea that man is in the central part of the society. However, we still can find the glory from the women. The inevitable contradiction reveals the ironic sense.II Paradox of value-orientationThe author's objective judgement of value penetrates in the book of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms, In his works, The author attempted to interpret the value orientation embodied...