Manchu In The Northeastern Dialect Loanwords

The Manchu language had a great impact to Chinese Northeast dialect, even now, there are still many vocabularies used in the Chinese Northeast dialect. This paper mainly studies the specific impact of Manchu to Altaic Man - Tungus Manchu-language. All materials used are from Sanjiazi Manchu autonomous village of Fuyu County in Qiqihar City. It defines Manchu loanwords through voice comparison and well make use of ancient works and national history cultural background data, meanwhile, it discourses loanwords from the reasons, ways of borrowing, meanings change and its specifically impact to the vocabularies of Chinese Northeast dialect. Past writings only emphasized on one side that Chinese language impacts on Manchu language, not focused the research of Manchu impacts on Chinese. But the Manchu has a great impact to Chinese, especially it has a great impact on the dialect of the Northeast that we can not ignored. This paper aims to sort out and conclude Manchu loanwords, which are from the Northeast Manchu dialect, that we can provide a valuable reference to the language study of the Chinese Northeast dialect body and the theory of the language contact. At the same time, the thesis gives a little dedication to save the Manchu language which is in endanger of becoming extinct.The first section is a preface which gives a general introduction of Chinese Northeast dialect and Manchu language ,then explains the aim, significance and study methods.The second section briefly summarizes the features and the studies of the Chinese Northeast dialect, then it systemically introduces the connotation of the loanwords that used by Chinese and overseas scholars.The third section is the most important part of the whole report. Through comparing the voices between Manchu language and Chinese Northeast dialect in Qing dynasty, it defines and introduces the loanwords, which includes nouns, adjectives, verbs and other categories, by illustrating one by one.The forth section contains two parts. The first part introduces the ways of the loanwords like directly transferred meaning, according to its pronunciation to change its meaning, and compound words of Manchu. The second part illustrates meaning change of Manchu, like meaning enlargement, meaning reduction and meaning transferred.In the fifth section, we discuss how the Manchu loanwords appeared; it includes language element and attitude element.The sixth section illustrates the Manchu loanwords affect to Chinese Northeast language, it contains three parts such as enlarge the vocabularies of Chinese Northeast dialect, separate written Manchu and oral Manchu deeply, supple and compete each other between Manchu language vocabularies and Chinese Northeast dialect vocabularies.The last part is a conclusion which explain the unsolved problems and tells the concepts and thoughts for further study through summarizing the former six sections.